NODE / 0594reconstructedProto-Indo-European

*stéu-gho-

TRANSLITERATION *stéu-gho-

real; certain

DATE: Proto-Indo-European Armenian preform, proposed
SENSE: true adjective
FAMILY: Indo-European
CANONICAL KEY: node:6:steu-gho:reconstructed:sense:true-adjective

A proposed preform reported in the reviewed comparative discussion, not an attested Armenian word.

This form is reconstructed by comparison. It is not directly attested in this exact written form.

ANCESTRAL EDGES

ROOT OF THIS ROOT

GO DEEPERcomparative derivationproposed

Proto-Indo-European · prehistoric

*set-u-

true; real; in true order

SOUND: The proposed Armenian preform is connected through extension and reorganization of the *set-u- or *steu- base; no single intermediate is written.
MEANING: The comparative field remains truth, certainty, and reality.
SCHOLAR: Hrach Martirosyan · Robert Beekes · Martin Gális
CONFIDENCE: proposed — This edge encodes a published comparison, not proof of one uncontested parent form.

Etygram: ἐτός / ἔτυμος dossiercontextModern etymology: comparison with Armenian stoyg

Records the comparison without elevating it to certainty.

ORIGINAL ↗

Mycenae, Troy and Anatolia: Mycenaean Names in Hittite Documents, and Anatolian Names in the Homeric IliadsupportsEteocles etymology: Armenian stoyg < *stéu-gho-

Summarizes the proposed connection to the Greek true-word family.

ORIGINAL ↗

OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 554 ↗

DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES

THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP

DESCENDANTinheritanceproposed

Armenian · Classical Armenian record–later Armenian · true adjective

ստոյգ

true, just, certain, sure, real, authentic

SOUND: Classical Armenian ստոյգ is compared with a reconstructed *stéu-gho- preform; the consonant sequence and vocalism are comparative, not attested.
MEANING: The reconstructed real or certain sense continues in the Armenian adjective and adverb.
SCHOLAR: Hrach Martirosyan · Robert Beekes
CONFIDENCE: proposed — The lexical identity is secure, while this exact preform belongs to a proposed Indo-European analysis.

Ստոյգ, ուգաց — Enriched Dictionaries of ArmeniancontextHeadword senses and etymologies

Documents the attested Armenian lexical identity and historical dictionary tradition.

ORIGINAL ↗

Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexiconsupportss.v. stoyg

Publishes the inherited Armenian analysis and comparative prehistory.

ORIGINAL ↗

OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 553 ↗

TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE

EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE

This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.

UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES: 1
REVIEWED EDGES: 1
DEEPEST PATH: 1
MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED: 1

ստոյգ1 connected node

HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE

STEP 01inheritanceproposed

Proto-Indo-European*stéu-gho-→Armenian · Classical Armenian record–later Armenianստոյգtrue, just, certain, sure, real, authentic

SOUND: Classical Armenian ստոյգ is compared with a reconstructed *stéu-gho- preform; the consonant sequence and vocalism are comparative, not attested.
MEANING: The reconstructed real or certain sense continues in the Armenian adjective and adverb.

Hrach Martirosyan · Robert Beekes2 CITATIONSEDGE 553 ↗

Ստոյգ, ուգաց — Enriched Dictionaries of Armenian · Headword senses and etymologies ↗Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon · s.v. stoyg ↗

“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.

RECORDED EVIDENCE

ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE

NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.

That is expected for a reconstructed form: the node is inferred from comparison, not quoted from a surviving occurrence.

EDITORIAL REUSE

WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE

02ստոյգ*stéu-gho- · established