NODE / 0788reconstructedProto-Celtic
*rīx-s
TRANSLITERATION *rīx-s
king, nominative singular
- DATE
- Proto-Celtic
- SENSE
- king nominative
- FAMILY
- Indo-European / Celtic
- CANONICAL KEY
- node:78:rix-s:reconstructed:sense:king-nominative
Cambridge reconstructs nominative *rīx-s and genitive *rīg-os behind Old Irish rí and ríg.
*This form is reconstructed by comparison. It is not directly attested in this exact written form.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
DESCENDANTinheritanceestablished
Old Irish · Old Irish, 8th–10th centuries · king nounrí
king; chief or foremost person
- SOUND
- Proto-Celtic nominative *rīx-s develops to Old Irish rí, while genitive ríg preserves the stem consonant.
- MEANING
- The king title remains a king noun through the Celtic sound changes.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Old Irish is recorded in the early medieval period; Proto-Celtic is reconstructed.
- SCHOLAR
- Anders Richardt Jørgensen · Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel
- CONFIDENCE
- established
DESCENDANTinheritanceestablished
Gaulish · first-century BCE onomastic hosts · king onomastic element-rīx
king or prince as the second member of compound personal names
- SOUND
- The attested Gaulish spelling -rix represents /-rīxs/ and aligns with reconstructed Proto-Celtic *rīx-s; the written host names do not preserve a macron.
- MEANING
- The inherited king noun functions as a compound-name member; its precise contribution can range beyond one mechanically compositional gloss.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Gaulish is attested in ancient onomastic material; Proto-Celtic is reconstructed.
- SCHOLAR
- Anders Richardt Jørgensen · Tristano Bolelli · Enrico Campanile
- CONFIDENCE
- established — The ancestry and king or prince value are established, while the semantic force in every individual name is not.
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 2
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 2
- DEEPEST PATH
- 1
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 2
HISTORICAL STEP 012 EDGES
STEP 01inheritanceestablished
- SOUND
- Proto-Celtic nominative *rīx-s develops to Old Irish rí, while genitive ríg preserves the stem consonant.
- MEANING
- The king title remains a king noun through the Celtic sound changes.
Anders Richardt Jørgensen · Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel2 CITATIONSEDGE 790 ↗ STEP 01inheritanceestablished
- SOUND
- The attested Gaulish spelling -rix represents /-rīxs/ and aligns with reconstructed Proto-Celtic *rīx-s; the written host names do not preserve a macron.
- MEANING
- The inherited king noun functions as a compound-name member; its precise contribution can range beyond one mechanically compositional gloss.
Anders Richardt Jørgensen · Tristano Bolelli · Enrico Campanile3 CITATIONSEDGE 1033 ↗ “Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.That is expected for a reconstructed form: the node is inferred from comparison, not quoted from a surviving occurrence.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE