*SET-U

CANONICAL LANGUAGE GRAPH

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NODE / 0787attestedOld Irish

rí

TRANSLITERATION ríPRONUNCIATION /riː/

king; chief or foremost person

DATE
Old Irish, 8th–10th centuries
SENSE
king noun
FAMILY
Indo-European / Celtic · Goidelic
CANONICAL KEY
node:79:rí:attested:sense:king-noun

The genitive ríg preserves the stem consonant that is absent from the nominative surface form rí.

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ANCESTRAL EDGES

ROOT OF THIS ROOT

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GO DEEPERinheritanceestablished
Proto-Celtic · Proto-Celtic · king nominative

*rīx-s

king, nominative singular

SOUND
Proto-Celtic nominative *rīx-s develops to Old Irish rí, while genitive ríg preserves the stem consonant.
MEANING
The king title remains a king noun through the Celtic sound changes.
CHRONOLOGY
Old Irish is recorded in the early medieval period; Proto-Celtic is reconstructed.
SCHOLAR
Anders Richardt Jørgensen · Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel
CONFIDENCE
established
Old Irish Online: IntroductioncontextIntroduction, Old Irish between Heritage and Innovation, example 1a

Independently compares rí and ríg with Gaulish -rix and Latin rēx.

ORIGINAL ↗
Celtic, chapter 9 of The Indo-European Language FamilysupportsCeltic chapter, p. 138: OIr. rí and ríg from PCelt. *rīx-s and *rīg-os

Publishes the Old Irish forms and Proto-Celtic reconstruction.

ORIGINAL ↗
OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 790 ↗
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DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES

THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP

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No reviewed descendants currently reuse this node. Absence describes the graph, not the entire history of the form.

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TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE

EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE

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This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.

UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
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REVIEWED EDGES
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DEEPEST PATH
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MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
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No downstream edge has cleared review for this node. This is a graph-coverage statement, not a claim that the historical form produced nothing.

“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.

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RECORDED EVIDENCE

ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE

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EDITORIAL REUSE

WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE

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01rírí · established