NODE / 0883reconstructedProto-Indo-European
*wor-to-
TRANSLITERATION *wor-to-
watching; guarding formation
- DATE
- Proto-Indo-European suffixed o-grade formation
- SENSE
- watching o grade formation
- FAMILY
- Indo-European
- CANONICAL KEY
- node:6:wor-to:reconstructed:sense:watching-o-grade-formation
The published suffixed o-grade formation behind the Germanic guard noun.
*This form is reconstructed by comparison. It is not directly attested in this exact written form.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 5
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 5
- DEEPEST PATH
- 5
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 1
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01inheritanceestablished
- SOUND
- Proto-Germanic *wardaz reflects the suffixed o-grade formation *wor-to-.
- MEANING
- A guard noun develops from watching.
Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors1 CITATIONEDGE 882 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 021 EDGE
STEP 02inheritanceestablished
- SOUND
- Old English weard reflects Proto-Germanic *wardaz.
- MEANING
- Guardian and keeper continue the watch field.
Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors1 CITATIONEDGE 881 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 031 EDGE
STEP 03compound componentestablished
- SOUND
- Old English hlāford contains weard as its guardian or keeper component.
- MEANING
- Guardian supplies the keeping role beside the provision symbolized by loaf.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors1 CITATIONEDGE 880 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 041 EDGE
STEP 04continuationestablished
- SOUND
- Middle English loverd continues Old English hlāford with phonological reduction.
- MEANING
- A household master term develops through medieval rank and title uses.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 849 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 051 EDGE
STEP 05continuationestablished
- SOUND
- Middle English loverd or lord reduces to modern lord, with loss of the unstressed medial vowel and stabilized spelling.
- MEANING
- The master and title senses continue while the compound becomes opaque.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 848 ↗ “Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.That is expected for a reconstructed form: the node is inferred from comparison, not quoted from a surviving occurrence.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE