NODE / 0326reconstructedProto-Oceanic
*tampu
sacred, forbidden; under ritual restriction
- DATE
- Proto-Oceanic reconstruction
- SENSE
- ritual restriction
- FAMILY
- Austronesian / Malayo-Polynesian · Oceanic
- CANONICAL KEY
- node:42:tampu:reconstructed:sense:ritual-restriction
POLLEX reports Proto-Oceanic *tampu. The dates are a deliberately broad reconstructed horizon.
*This form is reconstructed by comparison. It is not directly attested in this exact written form.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
*THE TRAIL ENDS HERE.No securely reviewed ancestor extends beyond this node. 3 evidence paths stop at this boundary.
INSPECT 3 CITED BOUNDARY CLAIMS
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
DESCENDANTinheritanceprobable
Tongan · Tongan · sacred prohibitedtabu / tapu
forbidden, prohibited, unlawful; historically also sacred or consecrated
- SOUND
- POLLEX compares Tongan tapu with Proto-Oceanic *tampu; intermediate Polynesian developments are not over-specified here.
- MEANING
- The sacred, prohibited, and ritual-restriction field remains continuous across the comparison.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Reconstructed Oceanic prehistory to attested Tongan.
- SCHOLAR
- POLLEX editors
- CONFIDENCE
- probable — The modern form is attested while the Proto-Oceanic form is a comparative reconstruction.
DESCENDANTinheritanceprobable
Māori · Māori record–today · sacred prohibitedtapu
sacred, prohibited, restricted, set apart, or under atua protection
- SOUND
- Māori tapu preserves the t and vowels of the wider Oceanic comparison; intermediate subgroup stages are not invented.
- MEANING
- Sacredness, prohibition, restriction, and being set apart remain central.
- SCHOLAR
- POLLEX editors · John C. Moorfield
- CONFIDENCE
- probable — The Māori word is attested; *tampu is a comparative reconstruction.
DESCENDANTinheritanceprobable
Hawaiian · Hawaiian record–today · sacred prohibitedkapu
prohibited, forbidden, sacred, consecrated, or set apart
- SOUND
- Hawaiian kapu reflects the characteristic Hawaiian development of earlier *t to k after the older k-space changed; the rest of the form remains visibly close.
- MEANING
- Sacred, prohibited, consecrated, and set-apart senses continue across the family.
- SCHOLAR
- Robert A. Blust · POLLEX editors
- CONFIDENCE
- probable — POLLEX supplies the lexical comparison; Blust documents the Hawaiian *t to k sound change and its historical complexity.
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 4
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 4
- DEEPEST PATH
- 2
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 3
HISTORICAL STEP 013 EDGES
STEP 01inheritanceprobable
- SOUND
- POLLEX compares Tongan tapu with Proto-Oceanic *tampu; intermediate Polynesian developments are not over-specified here.
- MEANING
- The sacred, prohibited, and ritual-restriction field remains continuous across the comparison.
STEP 01inheritanceprobable
- SOUND
- Māori tapu preserves the t and vowels of the wider Oceanic comparison; intermediate subgroup stages are not invented.
- MEANING
- Sacredness, prohibition, restriction, and being set apart remain central.
POLLEX editors · John C. Moorfield2 CITATIONSEDGE 516 ↗ STEP 01inheritanceprobable
- SOUND
- Hawaiian kapu reflects the characteristic Hawaiian development of earlier *t to k after the older k-space changed; the rest of the form remains visibly close.
- MEANING
- Sacred, prohibited, consecrated, and set-apart senses continue across the family.
Robert A. Blust · POLLEX editors3 CITATIONSEDGE 518 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 021 EDGE
STEP 02borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- Tongan tabu was adapted to the English spelling taboo and English phonology.
- MEANING
- A Polynesian field joining sacredness and prohibition became an English noun, adjective, and verb for prohibited things and acts.
Merriam-Webster Editors · POLLEX editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 312 ↗ “Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.That is expected for a reconstructed form: the node is inferred from comparison, not quoted from a surviving occurrence.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE