*SET-U

CANONICAL LANGUAGE GRAPH

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NODE / 0559attestedHawaiian

kapu

PRONUNCIATION /ˈka.pu/

prohibited, forbidden, sacred, consecrated, or set apart

DATE
Hawaiian record–today
SENSE
sacred prohibited
FAMILY
Austronesian / Marquesic · Eastern Polynesian
CANONICAL KEY
node:68:kapu:attested:sense:sacred-prohibited

Historical Hawaiian dictionaries preserve nominal, adjectival, and verbal uses.

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ANCESTRAL EDGES

ROOT OF THIS ROOT

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GO DEEPERinheritanceprobable
Proto-Oceanic · Proto-Oceanic reconstruction · ritual restriction

*tampu

sacred, forbidden; under ritual restriction

SOUND
Hawaiian kapu reflects the characteristic Hawaiian development of earlier *t to k after the older k-space changed; the rest of the form remains visibly close.
MEANING
Sacred, prohibited, consecrated, and set-apart senses continue across the family.
SCHOLAR
Robert A. Blust · POLLEX editors
CONFIDENCE
probable — POLLEX supplies the lexical comparison; Blust documents the Hawaiian *t to k sound change and its historical complexity.
TAPU [OC] — Prohibited, under ritual restriction, taboosupportsHawaiian kapu reflex under OC.TAPU; POC *tampu note

Directly compares Hawaiian kapu with the Oceanic reconstruction.

ORIGINAL ↗
Kapu — Nā Puke Wehewehe ʻŌlelo HawaiʻisupportsKapu entries from Andrews 1836 and 1865

Documents the attested Hawaiian form and semantic field.

ORIGINAL ↗
*t to k: An Austronesian Sound Change Revisitedsupportspp. 365–410 — Hawaiian *t to k

Documents the sound change and its historical and dialectal complexity.

ORIGINAL ↗
OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 518 ↗
02

DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES

THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP

0

No reviewed descendants currently reuse this node. Absence describes the graph, not the entire history of the form.

03

TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE

EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE

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This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.

UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
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REVIEWED EDGES
0
DEEPEST PATH
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MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
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No downstream edge has cleared review for this node. This is a graph-coverage statement, not a claim that the historical form produced nothing.

“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.

04

RECORDED EVIDENCE

ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE

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05

EDITORIAL REUSE

WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE

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01kapukapu · established