*fi(j)and-

Supplies the Gothic noun, inflectional class, written forms, and bounded corpus statuses.

Independently publishes the reconstructed formation and branch forms.

Publishes the inherited lexicalized enemy formation.

Places Old English on the inherited lexicalized-agent branch.

Supplies the Old English word formation and cross-branch comparison.

Publishes inherited Germanic ancestry, Old English dialect forms, the nd-agent inflection, and the participial source.

Publishes the comparative formation and branch forms.

Places the High German form on the pre-branch lexicalized-agent line.

Independently lists Old High German fīant and modern German Feind inside the inherited Germanic noun family.

Identifies the attested High German noun as a hating-participant formation.

Publishes the reconstructed ancestor and its High German descendant.

Compares Gothic, Old High German, Old English, Dutch, and Nordic enemy nouns and explains the participial formation.

Classifies fîant / fîjant as a strong masculine noun and documents its attested form and semantic architecture.

Publishes the reconstructed parent and daughter set.

Supplies the comparative category history.

Publishes the daughter forms, Germanic participial reconstruction, and literal one-who-hates analysis.

Independently analyzes Old Dutch fīunt as inherited from the hate-verb formation.

Supplies the reconstructed parent and wider comparative set.

Places the Swedish forms in the inherited Germanic family and states the original participial force.

Publishes the Old Swedish forms, collateral descendants, hate-verb comparison, and formation parallel with frände.

Independently analyzes the Swedish noun as the branch continuation of the Germanic participial enemy formation.

Publishes the reconstructed parent and Old Norse descendant.

Places the inherited noun inside the cross-Germanic lexicalized enemy set.

Supplies the attested lemma, masculine grammar, inflection, corpus scale, and semantic branching.

Publishes the Germanic comparison, participial interpretation, enemy sense, and post-Christian fiend development.

Independently places the ordinary enemy noun in the poetic record while preserving the project’s dating disclaimer.

Publishes the reconstructed parent formation.

Places lexicalization before the daughter-language records.

Publishes the inherited comparative and participial analysis.

Independently preserves the older Danish and cross-Germanic set.

Supplies the Old Danish form and bounded chronology.