Old Norse fjándi and plural fjándr continue the inherited Germanic nd-agent formation after North Germanic vowel, glide, ending, and inflectional developments.
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP RECORD
COVERAGE LEDGER ↗EDGE / 1207inheritanceprobable
A CLAIM
YOU CAN AUDIT.
A relationship—not a generated explanation. Both endpoints, every editorial field, every citation, and every dossier reuse are preserved below.
fjándi
enemy or opponent; devil, demon, evil spirit, pagan god, Satan, or a derogatory hated being or thing
OPEN NODE 1230 ↗DESCENDS FROM→
PARENT / EARLIER FORM / reconstructedProto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic reconstruction · enemy lexicalized participle*fi(j)and-
lexicalized enemy formation from the hate verb’s present participle
OPEN NODE 1160 ↗01
THE COMPLETE RELATIONSHIP
EVERY FIELD, NOT A FAIRY TALE
The already lexicalized one-who-hates formation is inherited as an ordinary enemy noun; demonic, pagan-god, and derogatory branches develop inside the attested Old Norse semantic history.
Proto-Germanic reconstruction into the source-reported tenth-century poetic and later prose record.
Richard Cleasby · Guðbrandur Vigfússon · Daniel Ayora Estevan · Guus Kroonen
probable — The Old Norse lemma, paradigm, and cross-Germanic comparison are published. The precise Proto-Germanic phonetics and each semantic innovation remain reconstructed or textually bounded.
reviewed
02
CITATION REGISTER
SOURCES ON THIS EDGE
Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic — *fi(j)ēn- and *fi(j)and-p. 140, *fi(j)and- and Old Norse fjándi
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Publishes the reconstructed parent and Old Norse descendant.
On the syntax of the Agent nouns in Gothic: the case of nd-formationspp. 47–49, pre-branch lexicalization and Old Norse evidence
contextAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Places the inherited noun inside the cross-Germanic lexicalized enemy set.
Dictionary of Old Norse Prose — fjándi, masculine nounHeadword fjándi sb. m.; 222 citations; senses 1–6
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Supplies the attested lemma, masculine grammar, inflection, corpus scale, and semantic branching.
An Icelandic-English Dictionary — fjándifjándi entry: comparative header, nd indicates the participle, properly a hater, senses 1–2
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Publishes the Germanic comparison, participial interpretation, enemy sense, and post-Christian fiend development.
Lexicon Poeticum — fjándi, noun masculine, enemy or devilHeadword and 49 poetic citations, including source-reported 960 and 961 records
contextAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Independently places the ordinary enemy noun in the poetic record while preserving the project’s dating disclaimer.
03
EDITORIAL REUSE