Old Swedish fiande and fiände continue through early-modern fiende, fiände, fyende, fynde, fiend, and related spellings before modern fiende becomes standard. The record displays changing vowel notation, glide representation, endings, and orthography rather than one universal intermediate spelling.
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP RECORD
COVERAGE LEDGER ↗EDGE / 1198historical continuationestablished
A CLAIM
YOU CAN AUDIT.
A relationship—not a generated explanation. Both endpoints, every editorial field, every citation, and every dossier reuse are preserved below.
fiende
enemy or opponent; a hostile person, state, force, or figurative threat
OPEN NODE 1219 ↗DESCENDS FROM→
PARENT / EARLIER FORM / attestedOld Swedish · Old Swedish; recorded from the beginning of the 1300s · enemy devil old swedishfiande / fiände
enemy or opponent; also the Devil in recorded medieval use
OPEN NODE 1220 ↗01
THE COMPLETE RELATIONSHIP
EVERY FIELD, NOT A FAIRY TALE
Enemy or opponent remains central. Older Devil usage becomes historical, while military collective and figurative nonhuman uses remain available in the modern noun.
Old Swedish evidence from the early 1300s through early-modern and current Swedish.
Svenska Akademiens ordboksredaktion
established — SO and SAOB publish the form sequence and semantic continuity. The dictionaries do not assign every spelling to one uniform sound change or dialect.
reviewed
02
CITATION REGISTER
SOURCES ON THIS EDGE
Svensk ordbok — fiendeHeadword, inflection, meaning, examples, and HISTORY
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Publishes current fiende, Old Swedish fiande or fiände, early-1300s evidence, and modern semantic range.
Svenska Akademiens ordbok — FIENDEHistorical spellings, senses 1–2, and dated examples
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Documents the Old-to-modern spelling record and personal, collective, military, Devil, and figurative senses.
03
EDITORIAL REUSE