*SET-U

CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP RECORD

COVERAGE LEDGER ↗
EDGE / 1194inheritanceprobable

A CLAIM
YOU CAN AUDIT.

A relationship—not a generated explanation. Both endpoints, every editorial field, every citation, and every dossier reuse are preserved below.

CHILD / LATER FORM / attestedOld Dutch · Old Dutch · enemy opponent disputed devil old dutch

fīunt / fīant

enemy or opponent; one disputed record may denote the Devil

OPEN NODE 1214 ↗
DESCENDS FROM→
PARENT / EARLIER FORM / reconstructedProto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic reconstruction · enemy lexicalized participle

*fi(j)and-

lexicalized enemy formation from the hate verb’s present participle

OPEN NODE 1160 ↗
01

THE COMPLETE RELATIONSHIP

EVERY FIELD, NOT A FAIRY TALE

SOUND CHANGE

Old Dutch fīunt or fīant reflects the Germanic nd-agent formation after West Germanic and Dutch-branch vowel, glide, consonant, and inflectional development.

SEMANTIC CHANGE

The already lexicalized one-who-hates formation is inherited as the ordinary enemy noun; Christian Devil usage develops inside the attested daughter record rather than inside the reconstruction.

CHRONOLOGY

Proto-Germanic reconstruction into Old Dutch textual evidence.

SCHOLAR / EDITORIAL AUTHORITY

Guus Kroonen · Marlies Philippa · Arend Quak · ONW editorial team

CONFIDENCE

probable — The daughter forms and participial analysis are independently published. The parent remains reconstructed and no written Proto-Germanic token exists.

EDITORIAL STATUS

reviewed

02

CITATION REGISTER

SOURCES ON THIS EDGE

S01
Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic — *fi(j)ēn- and *fi(j)and-p. 140, *fi(j)and- and Germanic descendants

Publishes the reconstructed parent and daughter set.

supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗
S02
On the syntax of the Agent nouns in Gothic: the case of nd-formationspp. 47–49, lexicalization before the separate Germanic records

Supplies the comparative category history.

contextAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗
S03
Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands — vijandEWN analysis: early lexicalized present participle of Proto-Germanic *fijēn-

Publishes the daughter forms, Germanic participial reconstruction, and literal one-who-hates analysis.

supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗
S04
Oudnederlands Woordenboek — fīuntMorphology: originally the present participle of the lost corresponding Dutch verb

Independently analyzes Old Dutch fīunt as inherited from the hate-verb formation.

supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗
03

EDITORIAL REUSE

WHERE THIS CLAIM APPEARS

RELATION / 1106fīunt

fīunt / fīant → *fi(j)and-

OPEN DOSSIER ↗RELATION / 1051vijand

fīunt / fīant → *fi(j)and-

OPEN DOSSIER ↗