Gothic fijands continues the Germanic nd-stem formation with regular branch-level adaptation and Gothic inflection.
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP RECORD
COVERAGE LEDGER ↗EDGE / 1146inheritanceprobable
A CLAIM
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A relationship—not a generated explanation. Both endpoints, every editorial field, every citation, and every dossier reuse are preserved below.
fijands
enemy; lexicalized masculine nd-stem agent noun
OPEN NODE 1159 ↗DESCENDS FROM→
PARENT / EARLIER FORM / reconstructedProto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic reconstruction · enemy lexicalized participle*fi(j)and-
lexicalized enemy formation from the hate verb’s present participle
OPEN NODE 1160 ↗01
THE COMPLETE RELATIONSHIP
EVERY FIELD, NOT A FAIRY TALE
The already lexicalized agent formation functions as the ordinary noun enemy while remaining formally close to a live participle.
Proto-Germanic reconstruction into the Gothic textual tradition.
Guus Kroonen · Daniel Ayora Estevan
probable — Cross-Germanic enemy nouns support inheritance; individual Gothic tokens can remain ambiguous with the participle.
reviewed
02
CITATION REGISTER
SOURCES ON THIS EDGE
Lemma fijands — Gothic enemy noun and 26-token candidate inventoryLemma fijands, masculine nd-stem and complete 26-candidate inventory
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Supplies the Gothic noun, inflectional class, written forms, and bounded corpus statuses.
Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic — *fi(j)ēn- and *fi(j)and-p. 140, *fi(j)and- and Germanic descendants
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Independently publishes the reconstructed formation and branch forms.
On the syntax of the Agent nouns in Gothic: the case of nd-formationsp. 47 and note 24, Gothic fijands from Proto-Germanic *fi(j)and-
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Publishes the inherited lexicalized enemy formation.
03
EDITORIAL REUSE