NODE / 0495reconstructedProto-Indo-European
*bher-
to carry or bear
- DATE
- Proto-Indo-European prehistory
- SENSE
- carry bear
- FAMILY
- Indo-European
- CANONICAL KEY
- node:6:bher:reconstructed:sense:carry-bear
The American Heritage root catalog lists Latin ferre among its descendants.
*This form is reconstructed by comparison. It is not directly attested in this exact written form.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
*THE TRAIL ENDS HERE.No securely reviewed ancestor extends beyond this node. 1 evidence path stops at this boundary.
INSPECT 1 CITED BOUNDARY CLAIM
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
DESCENDANTinheritanceestablished
Latin · Latin antiquity · carry proposeferre
to bear, carry, bring, report, or propose
- SOUND
- Latin ferre continues the Indo-European *bher- carrying family through inherited Italic phonology and an irregular paradigm.
- MEANING
- The core carrying and bearing sense remains stable while Latin adds proposing, reporting, and enduring extensions.
- SCHOLAR
- American Heritage Indo-European Roots · Latin lexicography
- CONFIDENCE
- established — The lexical comparison is strong; the exact prehistoric inflectional history is not compressed into one rule.
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 5
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 5
- DEEPEST PATH
- 5
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 1
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01inheritanceestablished
- SOUND
- Latin ferre continues the Indo-European *bher- carrying family through inherited Italic phonology and an irregular paradigm.
- MEANING
- The core carrying and bearing sense remains stable while Latin adds proposing, reporting, and enduring extensions.
American Heritage Indo-European Roots · Latin lexicography2 CITATIONSEDGE 462 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 021 EDGE
STEP 02derivationestablished
- SOUND
- Latin lātio is analyzed through lātum / lātus, the suppletive participial material used with ferre.
- MEANING
- The general action of bearing or bringing specializes to proposing something for acceptance.
Merriam-Webster · CNRTL · Latin lexicography3 CITATIONSEDGE 461 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 031 EDGE
STEP 03compound componentestablished
- SOUND
- The lātio component is preserved inside legislatio alongside genitive legis; no sound change beyond compounding is asserted.
- MEANING
- Bearing or proposing supplies the action applied to a law.
Merriam-Webster · CNRTL · Etymonline editors3 CITATIONSEDGE 460 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 041 EDGE
STEP 04borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- French législation borrows Medieval or Late Latin legislatio with regular Romance adaptation.
- MEANING
- Proposal or bearing of a law develops into law-making authority and a body of laws.
HISTORICAL STEP 051 EDGE
STEP 05borrowingprobable
- SOUND
- English legislation borrows French législation with learned English stress and pronunciation.
- MEANING
- The making of laws and the resulting body of laws remain central while legislative-business senses develop.
“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.That is expected for a reconstructed form: the node is inferred from comparison, not quoted from a surviving occurrence.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE