*SET-U

CANONICAL LANGUAGE GRAPH

TRACE A WORD ↗
NODE / 0793reconstructedProto-Indo-European

*rēg-en-

TRANSLITERATION *rēg-en-

king formation

DATE
Proto-Indo-European suffixed formation
SENSE
king en formation
FAMILY
Indo-European
CANONICAL KEY
node:6:reg-en:reconstructed:sense:king-en-formation

American Heritage analyzes Sanskrit rājā and rājan- as the suffixed king formation *rēg-en-.

*

This form is reconstructed by comparison. It is not directly attested in this exact written form.

01

ANCESTRAL EDGES

ROOT OF THIS ROOT

1
GO DEEPERderivationestablished
Proto-Indo-European · Proto-Indo-European lengthened grade · king lengthened grade

*rēg-

king or ruler formation

SOUND
Reconstructed *rēg-en- is an n-stem formation on lengthened-grade *rēg-.
MEANING
The suffix forms a king noun inside the ruler branch.
CHRONOLOGY
Comparative morphology rather than a dated word-formation event.
SCHOLAR
Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
CONFIDENCE
established
Indo-European Root reg-supportsreg-, lengthened-grade *rēg- and suffixed *rēg-en-

Publishes the n-stem derivation.

ORIGINAL ↗
OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 797 ↗
02

DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES

THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP

1
DESCENDANTinheritanceestablished
Sanskrit · Vedic and Classical Sanskrit · king stem

rājan-

king, sovereign, prince, chief

SOUND
Sanskrit rājan- reflects the reconstructed suffixed king formation *rēg-en-.
MEANING
King, ruler, sovereign, and chief preserve the ruler field.
CHRONOLOGY
The Sanskrit form is attested; the parent is reconstructed.
SCHOLAR
Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
CONFIDENCE
established
Indo-European Root reg-supportsreg-, suffixed *rēg-en- to Sanskrit rājā and rājan-

Publishes the reconstructed formation and Sanskrit reflexes.

ORIGINAL ↗
Sanskrit as an Indo-European LanguagecontextSelective etymological dictionary, p. 373: rājan from IE *reǵ

Independently connects the Sanskrit noun to the straight-and-direct root.

ORIGINAL ↗
OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 796 ↗
03

TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE

EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE

2

This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.

UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
2
REVIEWED EDGES
2
DEEPEST PATH
2
MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
1
rājā2 connected nodes
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01inheritanceestablished
Proto-Indo-European*rēg-en-→Sanskrit · Vedic and Classical Sanskritrājan-king, sovereign, prince, chief
SOUND
Sanskrit rājan- reflects the reconstructed suffixed king formation *rēg-en-.
MEANING
King, ruler, sovereign, and chief preserve the ruler field.
Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 796 ↗
Indo-European Root reg- · reg-, suffixed *rēg-en- to Sanskrit rājā and rājan- ↗Sanskrit as an Indo-European Language · Selective etymological dictionary, p. 373: rājan from IE *reǵ ↗
HISTORICAL STEP 021 EDGE
STEP 02inflectionestablished
Sanskritrājan-→Sanskrit · Vedic and Classical Sanskritrājāking, sovereign, prince, chief
SOUND
Sanskrit rājā is the nominative singular of the consonant stem rājan-.
MEANING
The inflected form and lexical stem both mean king rather than separate lexical ancestors.
Monier Monier-Williams · Harald Wiese2 CITATIONSEDGE 795 ↗
Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: rājan and rāja · Entries rāja and rājan ↗Sanskrit as an Indo-European Language · Selective etymological dictionary, p. 373: rājan m., king ↗

“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.

04

RECORDED EVIDENCE

ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE

0
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.

That is expected for a reconstructed form: the node is inferred from comparison, not quoted from a surviving occurrence.

05

EDITORIAL REUSE

WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE

1
03rājā*rēg-en- · established