NODE / 0741reconstructedProto-Indo-European
*rēg-olā-
TRANSLITERATION *rēg-olā-
straight piece or rod formation
- DATE
- Proto-Indo-European suffixed formation
- SENSE
- straight rod formation
- FAMILY
- Indo-European
- CANONICAL KEY
- node:6:reg-ola:reconstructed:sense:straight-rod-formation
Published formation behind Latin rēgula.
*This form is reconstructed by comparison. It is not directly attested in this exact written form.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
DESCENDANTderivationestablished
Latin · Latin · straightedge rulerēgula
straightedge, ruler, rule
- SOUND
- Latin rēgula continues reconstructed suffixed *rēg-olā-.
- MEANING
- A straight piece or rod develops both measuring and normative rule senses.
- CHRONOLOGY
- The parent is a comparative morphological reconstruction.
- SCHOLAR
- Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
- CONFIDENCE
- established
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 12
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 12
- DEEPEST PATH
- 5
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 3
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01derivationestablished
- SOUND
- Latin rēgula continues reconstructed suffixed *rēg-olā-.
- MEANING
- A straight piece or rod develops both measuring and normative rule senses.
Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors1 CITATIONEDGE 727 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 023 EDGES
STEP 02borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- Anglo-French reule continues Latin rēgula through Romance sound and spelling history.
- MEANING
- A straightedge or ruler also supplies an abstract guide or principle.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors1 CITATIONEDGE 726 ↗ STEP 02derivationestablished
- SOUND
- Late Latin rēgulāris is an adjective formed from Latin rēgula.
- MEANING
- Of a bar or according to rule develops orderly and regular senses.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors1 CITATIONEDGE 734 ↗ STEP 02derivationestablished
- SOUND
- Late Latin regulāre is formed from Latin rēgula.
- MEANING
- To regulate or direct means act according to a rule.
HISTORICAL STEP 033 EDGES
STEP 03borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- Middle English reule was borrowed from Anglo-French reule.
- MEANING
- The guide or standard sense crosses into English.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors1 CITATIONEDGE 725 ↗ STEP 03borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- Anglo-French reguler continues Late Latin rēgulāris through Romance transmission.
- MEANING
- According to a rule remains the central inherited relation.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors1 CITATIONEDGE 733 ↗ STEP 03inflectionestablished
- SOUND
- Late Latin regulātus is the past participle of regulāre.
- MEANING
- The participle preserves the verb’s directing and regulating sense.
HISTORICAL STEP 043 EDGES
STEP 04continuationestablished
- SOUND
- Modern rule continues Middle English reule through English spelling and pronunciation history.
- MEANING
- A guide for action expands across standards, authority, procedures, and measurement.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 724 ↗ STEP 04borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- Middle English reguler was borrowed through Anglo-French reguler.
- MEANING
- The rule-governed adjective crosses into English.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors1 CITATIONEDGE 732 ↗ STEP 04borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- The Middle English verb reflects Late Latin regulātus.
- MEANING
- A regulated or directed participle supplies the English verb formation.
HISTORICAL STEP 052 EDGES
STEP 05continuationestablished
- SOUND
- Modern regular continues Middle English reguler through English spelling and sound history.
- MEANING
- Living by a rule expands to orderly, patterned, recurring, standard, and normal.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 731 ↗ STEP 05continuationestablished
- SOUND
- Modern regulate continues the reported Middle English verb.
- MEANING
- Govern or direct according to rule expands to ordering, controlling, and technical adjustment.
“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.That is expected for a reconstructed form: the node is inferred from comparison, not quoted from a surviving occurrence.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE