NODE / 1299reconstructedProto-Germanic
*hwōtja-
TRANSLITERATION *hwōtja-
hostile or threatening
- DATE
- Proto-Germanic adjective reconstruction
- SENSE
- hostile threatening germanic adjective
- FAMILY
- Indo-European / Germanic
- CANONICAL KEY
- node:5:hwotja:reconstructed:sense:hostile-threatening-germanic-adjective
Köbler gives this reconstruction in the E field of the hōti entry. It is a comparative analysis, not an attested token, and the source's headword cross-reference to hatōn does not erase the separate reconstruction.
*This form is reconstructed by comparison. It is not directly attested in this exact written form.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
GO DEEPERderivationproposed
Proto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic related noun reconstruction · threat reprimand germanic noun*hwōtō
threat or reprimand
- SOUND
- The adjective in *-ja- is compared with the long-vowel Germanic noun *hwōtō. The located entry does not independently settle whether the adjective derives from the noun, the noun from a related verb, or both from a shared base.
- MEANING
- The compared noun means threat while the adjective means hostile or enraged. The graph preserves the semantic proximity without converting it into one documented derivational event.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Related Proto-Germanic reconstructed formations.
- SCHOLAR
- Gerhard Köbler
- CONFIDENCE
- proposed — Köbler prints “compare Germanic *hwōtō” rather than a fully argued direction of derivation.
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
DESCENDANTcompeting inheritanceproposed
Old Saxon · Old Saxon Heliand record · hostile enraged old saxon adjectivehōti
hostile, inimical, or enraged
- SOUND
- Under Köbler's analysis, the normalized Old Saxon h-ō-t-i frame continues a Germanic *hw-ō-t-j- adjective. The five written Old Saxon surfaces vary between ho- and huo- and across inflectional endings; the edge does not assign one exact phonetic date to those spellings.
- MEANING
- A reconstructed hostile or threatening adjective continues in Heliand contexts of hostile minds and hostile intent. The branch evidence does not prove that sharpened or incited was the adjective's consciously felt meaning.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Proto-Germanic reconstruction into the ninth- and tenth-century Heliand witness record.
- SCHOLAR
- Gerhard Köbler
- CONFIDENCE
- proposed — Köbler explicitly publishes the reconstruction, but UT assigns the same Old Saxon adjective to the hate family instead.
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 1
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 1
- DEEPEST PATH
- 1
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 1
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01competing inheritanceproposed
- SOUND
- Under Köbler's analysis, the normalized Old Saxon h-ō-t-i frame continues a Germanic *hw-ō-t-j- adjective. The five written Old Saxon surfaces vary between ho- and huo- and across inflectional endings; the edge does not assign one exact phonetic date to those spellings.
- MEANING
- A reconstructed hostile or threatening adjective continues in Heliand contexts of hostile minds and hostile intent. The branch evidence does not prove that sharpened or incited was the adjective's consciously felt meaning.
“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.That is expected for a reconstructed form: the node is inferred from comparison, not quoted from a surviving occurrence.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE