NODE / 1298attestedOld Saxon

hōti

TRANSLITERATION hōti

hostile, inimical, or enraged

DATE: Old Saxon Heliand record
SENSE: hostile enraged old saxon adjective
FAMILY: Indo-European / West Germanic
CANONICAL KEY: node:92:hoti:attested:sense:hostile-enraged-old-saxon-adjective

Köbler normalizes the adjective as hōti* and reports hotie, huotia, hotean, huotian, and huoti at three loci. The headword macron and citation form are editorial; none of the five reported surfaces is exactly hōti.

ANCESTRAL EDGES

ROOT OF THIS ROOT

GO DEEPERcompeting inheritanceproposed

Proto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic adjective reconstruction · hostile threatening germanic adjective

*hwōtja-

hostile or threatening

SOUND: Under Köbler's analysis, the normalized Old Saxon h-ō-t-i frame continues a Germanic *hw-ō-t-j- adjective. The five written Old Saxon surfaces vary between ho- and huo- and across inflectional endings; the edge does not assign one exact phonetic date to those spellings.
MEANING: A reconstructed hostile or threatening adjective continues in Heliand contexts of hostile minds and hostile intent. The branch evidence does not prove that sharpened or incited was the adjective's consciously felt meaning.
CHRONOLOGY: Proto-Germanic reconstruction into the ninth- and tenth-century Heliand witness record.
SCHOLAR: Gerhard Köbler
CONFIDENCE: proposed — Köbler explicitly publishes the reconstruction, but UT assigns the same Old Saxon adjective to the hate family instead.

Altsächsisches Wörterbuch — hatōn and hėttiandsupportshōti* entry, E field: Germanic *hwōtja-, *hwōtjaz

Publishes the direct Germanic adjective reconstruction beneath the Old Saxon entry.

ORIGINAL ↗

Indo-European Lexicon — k̑ād- : k̑ədes- : k̑əd-s- and its reflexeschallengesOld Saxon hōti row under k̑ād-

Assigns the same Old Saxon form to the inherited hate family instead.

ORIGINAL ↗

OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 1263 ↗

GO DEEPERcompeting inheritanceproposed

Proto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic · hate anger germanic i stem

*hatiz-

hate, anger, enmity, spite, or hostility

SOUND: UT places Old Saxon hōti in the same reflex table as hatōn, heti, and the wider Germanic hate family. The atlas crosswalks that classification to its reviewed *hatiz- node without claiming an observed Proto-Germanic token.
MEANING: The hostile or inimical adjective is grouped with hate, displeasure, enmity, anger, and persecution. Köbler's distinct *hwōtja- analysis prevents this semantic grouping from being treated as a settled single parent.
CHRONOLOGY: Alternative Proto-Germanic reconstruction into the Old Saxon Heliand record.
SCHOLAR: Linguistics Research Center editors · SET-U cross-source review
CONFIDENCE: proposed — UT explicitly groups the form with the hate family; Köbler's E field explicitly reconstructs another Germanic family.

Altsächsisches Wörterbuch — hatōn and hėttiandchallengeshōti* entry, separate E field *hwōtja- and *kʷē̆d- comparison

Publishes a competing parent family despite the entry's headword cross-reference to hatōn.

ORIGINAL ↗

Indo-European Lexicon — k̑ād- : k̑ədes- : k̑əd-s- and its reflexessupportsOld Saxon hōti row in the k̑ād- hate-family reflex table

Explicitly groups the adjective with Old Saxon hatōn and heti and the wider hate family.

ORIGINAL ↗

OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 1267 ↗

DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES

THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP

No reviewed descendants currently reuse this node. Absence describes the graph, not the entire history of the form.

TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE

EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE

This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.

UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES: 0
REVIEWED EDGES: 0
DEEPEST PATH: 0
MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED: 0

No downstream edge has cleared review for this node. This is a graph-coverage statement, not a claim that the historical form produced nothing.

“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.

RECORDED EVIDENCE