NODE / 0034reconstructedProto-Indo-European
*h₂ster-
star
- DATE
- c. 4500–2500 BCE
- SENSE
- default
- FAMILY
- Indo-European
- CANONICAL KEY
- node:6:hster:reconstructed
The exact prehistory is reconstructed through the Indo-European star family.
*This form is reconstructed by comparison. It is not directly attested in this exact written form.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
*THE TRAIL ENDS HERE.No securely reviewed ancestor extends beyond this node. 1 evidence path stops at this boundary.
INSPECT 1 CITED BOUNDARY CLAIM
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
DESCENDANTinheritanceprobable
Latin · Latin antiquityastrum
star; constellation
- SOUND
- Latin astrum belongs to the inherited Indo-European star family; details of formation and Greek contact require care.
- MEANING
- The referent remains a star or celestial body.
- SCHOLAR
- Comparative Indo-European lexicography
- CONFIDENCE
- probable — The graph does not collapse every ancient star-form into one undifferentiated route.
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 5
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 5
- DEEPEST PATH
- 5
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 1
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01inheritanceprobable
- SOUND
- Latin astrum belongs to the inherited Indo-European star family; details of formation and Greek contact require care.
- MEANING
- The referent remains a star or celestial body.
Comparative Indo-European lexicography2 CITATIONSEDGE 28 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 021 EDGE
STEP 02inheritanceestablished
- SOUND
- Italian astro continues Latin astrum through regular Romance development.
- MEANING
- The celestial-body meaning remains stable.
Latin and Romance lexicography1 CITATIONEDGE 27 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 031 EDGE
STEP 03derivationestablished
- SOUND
- Italian disastro combines the negative prefix dis- with astro “star.”
- MEANING
- An unfavorable star or astral influence became calamity.
HISTORICAL STEP 041 EDGE
STEP 04borrowingprobable
- SOUND
- French désastre and Italian disastro belong to the same Romance formation and transmission history.
- MEANING
- Astrologically unfavorable influence generalized to severe misfortune.
Romance historical lexicography1 CITATIONEDGE 25 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 051 EDGE
STEP 05borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- English adapted the French form, including stress and final syllable.
- MEANING
- The inherited calamity sense became the general modern category of disaster.
“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.That is expected for a reconstructed form: the node is inferred from comparison, not quoted from a surviving occurrence.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE