NODE / 0587reconstructedProto-Indo-European
*setu-mo-
TRANSLITERATION *setu-mo-
true, real
- DATE
- Proto-Indo-European formation, proposed
- SENSE
- true adjective
- FAMILY
- Indo-European
- CANONICAL KEY
- node:6:setu-mo:reconstructed:sense:true-adjective
Beekes and the reviewed synthesis analyze ἔτυμος as a *-mo- formation; the morphology is proposed.
*This form is reconstructed by comparison. It is not directly attested in this exact written form.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
GO DEEPERderivationproposed
Proto-Indo-European · prehistoric*set-u-
true; real; in true order
- SOUND
- The proposed *-mo- adjective is built on the reconstructed *set-u- base.
- MEANING
- The true-order base becomes an adjective meaning true or real.
- SCHOLAR
- Robert Beekes · Charles de Lamberterie
- CONFIDENCE
- proposed — Both the base and derivational segmentation are reconstructed.
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 14
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 14
- DEEPEST PATH
- 5
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 7
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01inheritanceproposed
- SOUND
- The Greek form is analyzed from *setu-mo- with loss of initial *s and Greek development of the reconstructed formation.
- MEANING
- A reconstructed adjective of truth or reality continues as Greek “true, real, actual.”
HISTORICAL STEP 023 EDGES
STEP 02substantivizationestablished
- SOUND
- The neuter form ἔτυμον of the adjective ἔτυμος was used substantivally.
- MEANING
- “The true” becomes the true sense of a word according to its origin.
STEP 02derivationestablished
- SOUND
- The compound joins ἔτυμος “true, real” and -λογία “account, study.”
- MEANING
- A word’s “true sense” becomes an object of analysis.
STEP 02reduplicationestablished
- SOUND
- The poetic form expands ἔτυμος as ἐτήτυμος; LSJ labels the relationship reduplication without requiring a separate deeper lexical parent.
- MEANING
- The meaning remains true while the poetic form gains expressive or metrical shape.
HISTORICAL STEP 033 EDGES
STEP 03borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- Latin etymon borrowed the Greek neuter noun with direct learned adaptation.
- MEANING
- The true or original sense of a word remained the technical referent.
Merriam-Webster Editors · Greek lexicography3 CITATIONSEDGE 557 ↗ STEP 03borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- Latin borrowed Greek ἐτυμολογία.
- MEANING
- A Greek technical concept entered Latin grammatical tradition.
STEP 03derivationestablished
- SOUND
- Greek ἐτυμολογικός adds the adjectival suffix -ικός to ἐτυμολογία.
- MEANING
- The name of an inquiry becomes an adjective meaning belonging to or based on that inquiry.
HISTORICAL STEP 044 EDGES
STEP 04borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- English borrowed Latin etymon with learned spelling and English pronunciation.
- MEANING
- The source-word sense was retained and generalized across same-language, foreign-language, and derivational sources.
STEP 04borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- Old French transmitted the learned Latin form.
- MEANING
- Scholarly explanation of a word’s origin continued.
French historical lexicography1 CITATIONEDGE 563 ↗ STEP 04borrowingprobable
- SOUND
- French adapted learned etymon as étymon with French stress and a nasalized final vowel.
- MEANING
- The technical source-form sense was retained while expanding to include attested and reconstructed forms.
STEP 04borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- Latin etymologicus adapted Greek etymologikos within learned grammatical vocabulary.
- MEANING
- The adjective retained the sense of belonging to or based on etymology.
HISTORICAL STEP 053 EDGES
STEP 05historical continuationestablished
- SOUND
- French spelling regularized medieval variants such as ethimologie toward étymologie.
- MEANING
- A learned word used for titles, word explanations, and wordplay developed the modern linguistic senses.
CNRTL Editors · Académie française Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 562 ↗ STEP 05borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- French adapted Latin etymologicus as étymologique with French stress, vowels, and the learned -ique ending.
- MEANING
- The Latin origin-conforming adjective developed the modern French senses “related to etymology” and “conforming to origin.”
ATILF · Académie française Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 579 ↗ STEP 05learned formationprobable
- SOUND
- English drops Latin -us through the learned adjective etymologic and adds adjectival -al; a competing internal etymology + -ical analysis remains visible in the graph.
- MEANING
- A Latin adjective about word origins becomes the English adjective of relation or conformity.
“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.That is expected for a reconstructed form: the node is inferred from comparison, not quoted from a surviving occurrence.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE