*SET-U

CANONICAL LANGUAGE GRAPH

TRACE A WORD ↗
NODE / 0586attestedAncient Greek

ἔτυμος

TRANSLITERATION étymosPRONUNCIATION /é.ty.mos/

true, real, actual; in the neuter, the true sense of a word

DATE
Archaic and later Ancient Greek
SENSE
true adjective
FAMILY
Indo-European / Hellenic
CANONICAL KEY
node:10:etymos:attested:sense:true-adjective

LSJ separates the adjective from the later substantivized neuter technical sense.

01

ANCESTRAL EDGES

ROOT OF THIS ROOT

1
GO DEEPERinheritanceproposed
Proto-Indo-European · Proto-Indo-European formation, proposed · true adjective

*setu-mo-

true, real

SOUND
The Greek form is analyzed from *setu-mo- with loss of initial *s and Greek development of the reconstructed formation.
MEANING
A reconstructed adjective of truth or reality continues as Greek “true, real, actual.”
SCHOLAR
Robert Beekes · Martin Gális
CONFIDENCE
proposed — The *setu-mo- morphology is published but not directly attested or universally settled.
Etymological Dictionary of Greeksupportss.v. ἔτυμος and ἐτεός, pp. 473–475

Publishes the *setu-mo- analysis while marking the wider etymology uncertain.

ORIGINAL ↗
Mycenae, Troy and Anatolia: Mycenaean Names in Hittite Documents, and Anatolian Names in the Homeric IliadcontextEteocles discussion: ἔτυμος < *setu-mo-

Independently summarizes the proposed adjectival formation.

ORIGINAL ↗
OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 547 ↗
02

DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES

THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP

3
DESCENDANTsubstantivizationestablished
Ancient Greek · Later Ancient Greek · technical source form

ἔτυμον

the true sense of a word according to its origin

SOUND
The neuter form ἔτυμον of the adjective ἔτυμος was used substantivally.
MEANING
“The true” becomes the true sense of a word according to its origin.
CHRONOLOGY
LSJ marks the technical noun in later writers rather than Attic prose.
SCHOLAR
Liddell · Scott · Jones
CONFIDENCE
established
ἔτυμος — A Greek-English LexiconsupportsSense II: ἔτυμον as substantive

Explicitly defines the true sense of a word according to its origin.

ORIGINAL ↗
OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 558 ↗
DESCENDANTderivationestablished
Ancient Greek · Hellenistic and later Greek · word history discipline

ἐτυμολογία

inquiry into a word’s true sense

SOUND
The compound joins ἔτυμος “true, real” and -λογία “account, study.”
MEANING
A word’s “true sense” becomes an object of analysis.
SCHOLAR
Ancient Greek lexicography
CONFIDENCE
established
Logeion: ἐτυμολογίαsupportsHeadword and compound analysis

Documents the Greek technical noun and its true-sense analysis.

ORIGINAL ↗
OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 565 ↗
DESCENDANTreduplicationestablished
Ancient Greek · Archaic and Classical Greek poetic record · true adjective

ἐτήτυμος

true

SOUND
The poetic form expands ἔτυμος as ἐτήτυμος; LSJ labels the relationship reduplication without requiring a separate deeper lexical parent.
MEANING
The meaning remains true while the poetic form gains expressive or metrical shape.
CHRONOLOGY
The relationship is attested in the ancient poetic record and explicitly classified by LSJ.
SCHOLAR
Liddell · Scott · Jones
CONFIDENCE
established
ἔτυμος — A Greek-English LexiconcontextAdjective headword and poetic record

Documents the shorter true-word beside the reduplicated form.

ORIGINAL ↗
ἐτήτυμος — A Greek-English LexiconsupportsHeadword introduction: “poet. redupl. for ἔτυμος”

Directly classifies ἐτήτυμος as a poetic reduplicated form beside ἔτυμος.

ORIGINAL ↗
OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 569 ↗
03

TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE

EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE

13

This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.

UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
13
REVIEWED EDGES
13
DEEPEST PATH
4
MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
6
etymological4 connected nodesetymon3 connected nodesétymologie4 connected nodesétymologique4 connected nodesétymon3 connected nodesἐτήτυμος1 connected node
HISTORICAL STEP 013 EDGES
STEP 01reduplicationestablished
Ancient Greekἔτυμος→Ancient Greek · Archaic and Classical Greek poetic recordἐτήτυμοςtrue
SOUND
The poetic form expands ἔτυμος as ἐτήτυμος; LSJ labels the relationship reduplication without requiring a separate deeper lexical parent.
MEANING
The meaning remains true while the poetic form gains expressive or metrical shape.
Liddell · Scott · Jones2 CITATIONSEDGE 569 ↗
ἔτυμος — A Greek-English Lexicon · Adjective headword and poetic record ↗ἐτήτυμος — A Greek-English Lexicon · Headword introduction: “poet. redupl. for ἔτυμος” ↗
HISTORICAL STEP 023 EDGES
STEP 02borrowingestablished
Ancient Greekἔτυμον→Latin · Latin scholarly useetymonthe literal or original meaning of a word
SOUND
Latin etymon borrowed the Greek neuter noun with direct learned adaptation.
MEANING
The true or original sense of a word remained the technical referent.
Merriam-Webster Editors · Greek lexicography3 CITATIONSEDGE 557 ↗
ἔτυμος — A Greek-English Lexicon · Substantive ἔτυμον, sense II ↗Etymon — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use · Etymology: Latin from Greek ↗Étymon — Trésor de la langue française informatisé · Étymologie: latin etymon; grec ἔτυμον ↗
STEP 02derivationestablished
Ancient Greekἐτυμολογία→Ancient Greek · post-Classical Ancient Greek, broad horizonἐτυμολογικόςbelonging to or based on etymology
SOUND
Greek ἐτυμολογικός adds the adjectival suffix -ικός to ἐτυμολογία.
MEANING
The name of an inquiry becomes an adjective meaning belonging to or based on that inquiry.
Merriam-Webster Editors1 CITATIONEDGE 581 ↗
Etymological — Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary · Word History: Greek etymologikos from etymologia + -ikos ↗
HISTORICAL STEP 034 EDGES
STEP 03borrowingestablished
Latinetymon→Present-Day English · 1573–todayetymonan earlier source form, foreign donor, or derivational base
SOUND
English borrowed Latin etymon with learned spelling and English pronunciation.
MEANING
The source-word sense was retained and generalized across same-language, foreign-language, and derivational sources.
Merriam-Webster Editors1 CITATIONEDGE 556 ↗
Etymon — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use · Word History; First Known Use; definitions 1–2 ↗
STEP 03borrowingprobable
Latinetymon→French · 1892–todayétymonattested or reconstructed form used to explain a word’s historical development
SOUND
French adapted learned etymon as étymon with French stress and a nasalized final vowel.
MEANING
The technical source-form sense was retained while expanding to include attested and reconstructed forms.
ATILF · CNRTL Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 573 ↗
Étymon — Trésor de la langue française informatisé · Étymologie et Histoire: 1892; emprunt au latin etymon ↗Étymon — Dictionnaire de l’Académie française, 9e édition · Étymologie: mot savant emprunté du grec etumon ↗
STEP 03borrowingestablished
Ancient Greekἐτυμολογικός→Latin · Late Latin grammatical traditionetymologicusetymological; conforming to etymology
SOUND
Latin etymologicus adapted Greek etymologikos within learned grammatical vocabulary.
MEANING
The adjective retained the sense of belonging to or based on etymology.
Merriam-Webster Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 580 ↗
Étymologique — Trésor de la langue française informatisé · Latin etymologicus; nomina etymologica in Diomedes ↗Etymological — Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary · Word History: Latin etymologicus from Greek etymologikos ↗
HISTORICAL STEP 043 EDGES
STEP 04historical continuationestablished
Old Frenchethimologie→French · Modern French record–todayétymologiestudy or explanation of the origin and historical development of words
SOUND
French spelling regularized medieval variants such as ethimologie toward étymologie.
MEANING
A learned word used for titles, word explanations, and wordplay developed the modern linguistic senses.
CNRTL Editors · Académie française Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 562 ↗
Étymologie: étymologie · History sections 0, A, and B ↗Étymologie — Dictionnaire de l’Académie française, 9e édition · Headword definition and usage examples ↗
STEP 04borrowingestablished
Latinetymologicus→French · c. 1550–todayétymologiquerelated to etymology; conforming to a word’s origin
SOUND
French adapted Latin etymologicus as étymologique with French stress, vowels, and the learned -ique ending.
MEANING
The Latin origin-conforming adjective developed the modern French senses “related to etymology” and “conforming to origin.”
ATILF · Académie française Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 579 ↗
Étymologique — Dictionnaire de l’Académie française, 9e édition · Étymologie: XVIe siècle; emprunté du latin etymologicus ↗Étymologique — Trésor de la langue française informatisé · Étymologie et Histoire: c. 1550; emprunt du latin etymologicus ↗
STEP 04learned formationprobable
Latinetymologicus→Present-Day English · 1588–todayetymologicalof, relating to, or based on etymology
SOUND
English drops Latin -us through the learned adjective etymologic and adds adjectival -al; a competing internal etymology + -ical analysis remains visible in the graph.
MEANING
A Latin adjective about word origins becomes the English adjective of relation or conformity.
Merriam-Webster Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 586 ↗
Etymological — Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary · Word History: etymological from etymologic + -al; etymologic from Latin etymologicus ↗Etymological — Online Etymology Dictionary · Word origin: etymology + -ical ↗

“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.

04

RECORDED EVIDENCE

ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE

1
05

EDITORIAL REUSE

WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE

7
05etymologicalἔτυμος · established04etymonἔτυμος · established05étymologieἔτυμος · established05étymologiqueἔτυμος · established04étymonἔτυμος · established02ἐτήτυμοςἔτυμος · established01ἔτυμοςἔτυμος · established