*SET-U

CANONICAL LANGUAGE GRAPH

TRACE A WORD ↗
NODE / 0815reconstructedProto-Indo-European

*dheh₁(i)-

TRANSLITERATION *dheh₁(i)-

to suck

DATE
oldest Proto-Indo-European form
SENSE
suck suckle root
FAMILY
Indo-European
CANONICAL KEY
node:6:dheh1i:reconstructed:sense:suck-suckle-root

Oldest form printed for the root behind the Latin formation.

*

This form is reconstructed by comparison. It is not directly attested in this exact written form.

01

ANCESTRAL EDGES

ROOT OF THIS ROOT

1
*
THE TRAIL ENDS HERE.

No securely reviewed ancestor extends beyond this node. 1 evidence path stops at this boundary.

INSPECT 1 CITED BOUNDARY CLAIM
GO DEEPERknowledge boundaryboundary
Beyond secure reconstruction · before the reviewed *dheh₁(i)- reconstruction · female deep boundary

UNKNOWN

No securely promoted ancestor is currently known beyond the reviewed suckle root.

SOUND
No older form is promoted beyond reviewed *dheh₁(i)-.
MEANING
The trail ends where the published comparative root ends.
SCHOLAR
SET-U editorial boundary
CONFIDENCE
boundary — The root is reconstructed rather than an attested first word.
Indo-European Root: dhē(i)-supportsdhē(i)- entry endpoint

Defines the deepest reviewed comparative horizon.

ORIGINAL ↗
OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 820 ↗
02

DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES

THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP

1
DESCENDANTderivationestablished
Proto-Indo-European · Proto-Indo-European suffixed reduced formation · suckle woman formation

*dhē-mnā-

woman or nursing female formation

SOUND
Reconstructed *dhē-mnā- is built on the oldest root form *dheh₁(i)-.
MEANING
The formation specializes the root meaning to suck or suckle.
SCHOLAR
Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
CONFIDENCE
established
Indo-European Root: dhē(i)-supportsdhē(i)- heading: oldest form *dheh1(i)-

Publishes the oldest root and its relationship to the suffixed formation.

ORIGINAL ↗
OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 819 ↗
03

TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE

EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE

6

This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.

UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
6
REVIEWED EDGES
6
DEEPEST PATH
6
MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
1
female6 connected nodes
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
HISTORICAL STEP 021 EDGE
HISTORICAL STEP 031 EDGE
STEP 03diminutive derivationestablished
Latinfēmina→Latin · Latinfēmellayoung female; female
SOUND
Latin fēmella is a diminutive of fēmina.
MEANING
A young-female formation continues the broader woman or female noun.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 817 ↗
Female — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use · Etymology: Latin femella, diminutive of femina ↗Female — American Heritage Dictionary · Etymology: fēmella, diminutive of fēmina ↗
HISTORICAL STEP 041 EDGE
HISTORICAL STEP 051 EDGE
STEP 05borrowingestablished
Old Frenchfemele→Middle English · Middle Englishfemellefemale
SOUND
Middle English femelle continues Old French femele or femelle.
MEANING
The female noun crosses from French into English.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 815 ↗
Female — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use · Etymology: Middle English femel or femelle from Anglo-French femele or femelle ↗Female — American Heritage Dictionary · Etymology: Middle English femelle from Old French ↗
HISTORICAL STEP 061 EDGE
STEP 06analogical reshapingestablished
Middle Englishfemelle→Present-Day English · 14th century–todayfemaleof or relating to the female sex; a female individual
SOUND
Earlier femelle or femel was respelled female under the influence of male.
MEANING
The sex-class meaning continues while surface spelling creates a misleading resemblance.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 814 ↗
Female — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use · Word History: alteration of femel or femelle influenced by male ↗Female — American Heritage Dictionary · Etymology: alteration influenced by male ↗

“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.

04

RECORDED EVIDENCE

ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE

0
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.

That is expected for a reconstructed form: the node is inferred from comparison, not quoted from a surviving occurrence.

05

EDITORIAL REUSE

WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE

1
07female*dheh₁(i)- · established