NODE / 0828reconstructedProto-Indo-European
*(dh)ghom-on-
TRANSLITERATION *(dh)ghom-on-
earthling; human being
- DATE
- Proto-Indo-European suffixed formation
- SENSE
- earthling formation
- FAMILY
- Indo-European
- CANONICAL KEY
- node:6:dhghom-on:reconstructed:sense:earthling-formation
Published formation behind Latin homō; a reconstruction, not an attested self-name.
*This form is reconstructed by comparison. It is not directly attested in this exact written form.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
DESCENDANTinheritanceestablished
Latin · Latin · human earthlinghomō
human being; man
- SOUND
- Latin homō is analyzed from the reconstructed suffixed formation *(dh)ghom-on-.
- MEANING
- Human being is reconstructed as an earthling formation.
- SCHOLAR
- Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
- CONFIDENCE
- established — Earthling is a comparative gloss, not an attested original slogan.
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 6
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 7
- DEEPEST PATH
- 5
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 1
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01inheritanceestablished
- SOUND
- Latin homō is analyzed from the reconstructed suffixed formation *(dh)ghom-on-.
- MEANING
- Human being is reconstructed as an earthling formation.
Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors1 CITATIONEDGE 830 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 021 EDGE
STEP 02derivationestablished
- SOUND
- Latin hūmānus belongs to the Latin homō, human-being, family.
- MEANING
- A human adjective is formed from the human noun family.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 829 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 032 EDGES
STEP 03inheritanceestablished
- SOUND
- Anglo-French humain continues Latin hūmānus through Romance.
- MEANING
- The human adjective continues across the borrowing channel.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 828 ↗ STEP 03inheritanceestablished
- SOUND
- Old French humain continues Latin hūmānus through Romance.
- MEANING
- The human adjective continues.
American Heritage Dictionary Editors1 CITATIONEDGE 844 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 042 EDGES
STEP 04borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- Middle English humain was borrowed through Anglo-French humain.
- MEANING
- The human adjective crosses through French into English.
STEP 04competing borrowingproposed
- SOUND
- American Heritage labels the immediate French source Old French, while Merriam-Webster labels it Anglo-French.
- MEANING
- The human adjective crosses through medieval French into English.
American Heritage Dictionary Editors1 CITATIONEDGE 843 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 051 EDGE
STEP 05continuationestablished
- SOUND
- Modern human continues Middle English humain with modern spelling.
- MEANING
- Human reference remains while noun and adjective uses develop.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 826 ↗ “Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.That is expected for a reconstructed form: the node is inferred from comparison, not quoted from a surviving occurrence.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE