NODE / 0824attestedMiddle English
humain
TRANSLITERATION humain
human
- DATE
- Middle English
- SENSE
- human adjective
- FAMILY
- Indo-European / West Germanic
- CANONICAL KEY
- node:2:humain:attested:sense:human-adjective
Medieval English continuation of a French borrowing.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
GO DEEPERborrowingestablished
Anglo-French · Anglo-French · human adjectivehumain
human
- SOUND
- Middle English humain was borrowed through Anglo-French humain.
- MEANING
- The human adjective crosses through French into English.
- SCHOLAR
- Merriam-Webster Editors
- CONFIDENCE
- established
GO DEEPERcompeting borrowingproposed
Old French · Old French · human adjectivehumain
human
- SOUND
- American Heritage labels the immediate French source Old French, while Merriam-Webster labels it Anglo-French.
- MEANING
- The human adjective crosses through medieval French into English.
- SCHOLAR
- American Heritage Dictionary Editors
- CONFIDENCE
- proposed — Dialect labels differ across the reviewed headword sources; both paths converge at Latin hūmānus.
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 1
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 1
- DEEPEST PATH
- 1
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 1
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01continuationestablished
- SOUND
- Modern human continues Middle English humain with modern spelling.
- MEANING
- Human reference remains while noun and adjective uses develop.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 826 ↗ “Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.The reviewed graph does not yet attach a source-reported or directly inspected witness to this canonical form.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE