NODE / 0823attestedPresent-Day English

human

TRANSLITERATION humanPRONUNCIATION /ˈhjuːmən/

human being; relating to humankind

DATE: 15th century–today
SENSE: human being
FAMILY: Indo-European / Germanic
CANONICAL KEY: node:1:human:attested:sense:human-being

English combines noun and adjective histories in the Latin human family.

01

ANCESTRAL EDGES

ROOT OF THIS ROOT

1

GO DEEPERcontinuationestablished

Middle English · Middle English · human adjective

humain

human

SOUND: Modern human continues Middle English humain with modern spelling.
MEANING: Human reference remains while noun and adjective uses develop.
CHRONOLOGY: The adjective is reported from the fifteenth century.
SCHOLAR: Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors
CONFIDENCE: established

Human — Definition, Word History, and First Known UsesupportsEtymology and First Known Use

Publishes Middle English humain and the fifteenth-century adjective horizon.

Human — American Heritage DictionarycontextHeadword etymology

Independently supplies the French and Latin route.

OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 826 ↗

02

DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES

THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP

0

No reviewed descendants currently reuse this node. Absence describes the graph, not the entire history of the form.

03

TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE

EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE

0

This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.

UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES: 0
REVIEWED EDGES: 0
DEEPEST PATH: 0
MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED: 0

No downstream edge has cleared review for this node. This is a graph-coverage statement, not a claim that the historical form produced nothing.

“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.

04

RECORDED EVIDENCE

ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE

1

SOURCE-REPORTEDlexicographic first useestablished

15th century

Merriam-Webster first-known-use report for human

Century-level source report; no underlying object was directly inspected.

human dossier · recorded as human

Merriam-WebsterWITNESS RECORD ↗Human — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use ↗

05

EDITORIAL REUSE

WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE

1

01humanhuman · established