NODE / 0510reconstructedProto-Indo-European
*h₂rei-
to count
- DATE
- Indo-European prehistory
- SENSE
- count
- FAMILY
- Indo-European
- CANONICAL KEY
- node:6:h2rei:reconstructed:sense:count
Merriam-Webster derives the Greek base through *h₂rei-; Etymonline represents an expanded formation *erei-dhmo- and compares a root *re-.
*This form is reconstructed by comparison. It is not directly attested in this exact written form.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
*THE TRAIL ENDS HERE.No securely reviewed ancestor extends beyond this node. 1 evidence path stops at this boundary.
INSPECT 1 CITED BOUNDARY CLAIM
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
DESCENDANTproposed inheritanceproposed
Ancient Greek · Ancient Greek · number countἀριθμός
number, amount, or counting
- SOUND
- Greek arithmos is analyzed through a counting base represented by Merriam-Webster as PIE *h₂rei-; Etymonline publishes an expanded *erei-dhmo- formation.
- MEANING
- The inherited counting sense remains, while the precise prehistoric formation is reconstructed.
- SCHOLAR
- Merriam-Webster · Etymonline editors
- CONFIDENCE
- proposed — The references agree on a counting family but use materially different root and formation notation.
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 6
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 6
- DEEPEST PATH
- 6
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 1
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01proposed inheritanceproposed
- SOUND
- Greek arithmos is analyzed through a counting base represented by Merriam-Webster as PIE *h₂rei-; Etymonline publishes an expanded *erei-dhmo- formation.
- MEANING
- The inherited counting sense remains, while the precise prehistoric formation is reconstructed.
Merriam-Webster · Etymonline editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 475 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 021 EDGE
STEP 02derivationestablished
- SOUND
- Greek arithmētikē is built in the arithmos “number” family.
- MEANING
- Number or counting supplies the name of the counting art.
Merriam-Webster · Etymonline · MacTutor editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 474 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 031 EDGE
STEP 03borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- Latin arithmetica borrows and adapts Greek arithmētikē.
- MEANING
- The Greek counting art enters Latin education and mathematical vocabulary.
Merriam-Webster · MacTutor editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 473 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 041 EDGE
STEP 04borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- French arsmetique / arismatike continues Latin arithmetica through regular learned transmission and medieval respelling.
- MEANING
- Arithmetic remains the counting discipline.
Merriam-Webster · Etymonline editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 472 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 051 EDGE
STEP 05borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- Middle English adapts Old French and Anglo-French forms; a folk association with ars metrica contributes the extra r in some spellings.
- MEANING
- The practical and learned counting discipline remains central.
Merriam-Webster · Etymonline · MacTutor editors3 CITATIONSEDGE 471 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 061 EDGE
STEP 06historical continuationestablished
- SOUND
- Middle English arsmetike / arsmetrik is respelled arithmetic under renewed alignment with Latin and Greek.
- MEANING
- The counting art remains arithmetic while its domain broadens within modern mathematics.
Merriam-Webster · Etymonline editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 470 ↗ “Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.That is expected for a reconstructed form: the node is inferred from comparison, not quoted from a surviving occurrence.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE