NODE / 0040reconstructedProto-Indo-European
*kand-
to shine; glow
- DATE
- Indo-European prehistory
- SENSE
- default
- FAMILY
- Indo-European
- CANONICAL KEY
- node:6:kand:reconstructed
A proposed deeper root; treatment and root shape vary across references.
*This form is reconstructed by comparison. It is not directly attested in this exact written form.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
*THE TRAIL ENDS HERE.No securely reviewed ancestor extends beyond this node. 1 evidence path stops at this boundary.
INSPECT 1 CITED BOUNDARY CLAIM
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
DESCENDANTproposed inheritanceproposed
Latin · Latin antiquitycandēre
to shine; glow; be white
- SOUND
- The Latin shining family has been compared with a reconstructed *kand- root.
- MEANING
- Shining and glowing remain the proposed semantic core.
- SCHOLAR
- Indo-European etymological tradition
- CONFIDENCE
- proposed — Published analyses differ on the deeper formation and cognate set.
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 9
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 9
- DEEPEST PATH
- 4
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 3
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01proposed inheritanceproposed
- SOUND
- The Latin shining family has been compared with a reconstructed *kand- root.
- MEANING
- Shining and glowing remain the proposed semantic core.
Indo-European etymological tradition1 CITATIONEDGE 33 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 022 EDGES
STEP 02derivationestablished
- SOUND
- candidus belongs to the candēre family of shining and whiteness.
- MEANING
- Physical brightness and whiteness extended to clarity and unblemished quality.
STEP 02derivationestablished
- SOUND
- Latin candor is an abstract noun in -or formed beside candēre.
- MEANING
- The act or state of shining yields brightness, radiance, and whiteness.
Merriam-Webster · Latin lexicography2 CITATIONSEDGE 374 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 033 EDGES
STEP 03derivationestablished
- SOUND
- Latin candidātus is built from candidus and identifies the person clothed in shining white.
- MEANING
- The white-clad Roman office-seeker became the lexical category for a person seeking office.
Corpus of Latin Dictionaries editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 31 ↗ STEP 03borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- Middle French candide was borrowed from Latin candidus with regular Romance adaptation.
- MEANING
- Latin brightness and whiteness support French brilliance and favorable disposition.
STEP 03borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- French candeur was borrowed from Latin candor with Romance sound and spelling adaptation.
- MEANING
- Radiance, whiteness, and favorable disposition support purity, innocence, and later frankness.
HISTORICAL STEP 043 EDGES
STEP 04borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- English borrowed the learned Latin office term with regular adaptation of ending and stress.
- MEANING
- An office-seeker remained an office-seeker, later broadening to any person under selection.
Merriam-Webster · CNRTL editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 30 ↗ STEP 04borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- English borrowed the adjective through Middle French candide with spelling and pronunciation adapted to English.
- MEANING
- Brightness, favor, and unblemished quality develop toward openness, fairness, and frank expression.
STEP 04borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- English candor was borrowed through French candeur with English spelling and pronunciation.
- MEANING
- Brightness and unstained purity become frankness and honest expression.
“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.That is expected for a reconstructed form: the node is inferred from comparison, not quoted from a surviving occurrence.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE