NODE / 0701reconstructedProto-Germanic
*treuwithō
TRANSLITERATION *treuwithō
faith, loyalty, truth
- DATE
- Proto-Germanic horizon
- SENSE
- faith loyalty abstract noun
- FAMILY
- Indo-European / Germanic
- CANONICAL KEY
- node:5:treuwitho:reconstructed:sense:faith-loyalty-abstract-noun
American Heritage explicitly publishes the Germanic abstract noun.
*This form is reconstructed by comparison. It is not directly attested in this exact written form.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 7
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 7
- DEEPEST PATH
- 4
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 3
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01inheritanceestablished
- SOUND
- Old English trēowþ continues reconstructed Germanic *treuwithō through inherited West Germanic development.
- MEANING
- The abstract noun denotes faith, loyalty, and truth.
Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors1 CITATIONEDGE 678 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 022 EDGES
STEP 02continuationestablished
- SOUND
- Middle English trewthe continues Old English trēowþ.
- MEANING
- Loyalty, faith, and truth remain joined in the historical noun.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors1 CITATIONEDGE 677 ↗ STEP 02inheritanceestablished
- SOUND
- Middle English trouth continues Old English trēowþ.
- MEANING
- Truth, faith, and pledged fidelity remain joined before later lexical specialization.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 689 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 033 EDGES
STEP 03continuationestablished
- SOUND
- Modern truth continues Middle English trewthe through English spelling and sound history.
- MEANING
- Fidelity and constancy coexist historically with sincerity and factual correspondence.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 676 ↗ STEP 03continuationestablished
- SOUND
- Modern troth continues Middle English trouth with regular English spelling and sound development.
- MEANING
- Pledged fidelity narrows a historical noun that also covered truth and loyalty.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 688 ↗ STEP 03compound memberestablished
- SOUND
- Middle English bitrouthen contains trouth as its lexical member; bi- or be- follows a second canonical parent.
- MEANING
- A pledge of truth or troth specializes as a promise in marriage.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 695 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 041 EDGE
STEP 04continuationestablished
- SOUND
- Modern betroth continues Middle English bitrouthen with regular English spelling and sound development.
- MEANING
- The marriage promise remains the specialized sense.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 694 ↗ “Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.That is expected for a reconstructed form: the node is inferred from comparison, not quoted from a surviving occurrence.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE