*SET-U

CANONICAL LANGUAGE GRAPH

TRACE A WORD ↗
NODE / 1263reconstructedProto-Celtic

*katsi-

TRANSLITERATION *katsi-

a proposed Celtic formation compared with Middle Irish cais and Old Welsh cas

DATE
proposed Proto-Celtic
SENSE
celtic love hatred proposal
FAMILY
Indo-European / Celtic
CANONICAL KEY
node:78:katsi:reconstructed:sense:celtic-love-hatred-proposal

Koch publishes this reconstruction. eDIL is not generally an etymological dictionary, and the reviewed sources do not expose a complete dated Goidelic sound history from this form to cais.

*

This form is reconstructed by comparison. It is not directly attested in this exact written form.

01

ANCESTRAL EDGES

ROOT OF THIS ROOT

1
GO DEEPERderivationproposed
Proto-Indo-European · proposed pre-Celtic or Indo-European formation · proposed suffixal formation

*kad-t/si-

a proposed formation underlying Proto-Celtic *katsi-

SOUND
Koch analyzes *katsi- from *kad-t/si-. The displayed consonant cluster and affricate outcome follow that published reconstruction rather than an independently observed sound record.
MEANING
A proposed suffixal formation is assigned to the Celtic love and hatred field; no single direction of semantic development is recovered.
CHRONOLOGY
Analytical pre-Celtic formation into proposed Proto-Celtic, not directly attested stages.
SCHOLAR
John T. Koch
CONFIDENCE
proposed — The notation and morphological segmentation are a comparative proposal.
Celto-Germanic — HATRED *kad-supportsp. 101, *katsi- < *kad-t/si-

Publishes the proposed formation and direction.

ORIGINAL ↗
OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 1234 ↗
02

DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES

THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP

1
DESCENDANTproposed inheritanceproposed
Middle Irish · Middle Irish and later Irish dictionary citations · love hate ambivalent noun

cais

love; hate, with readings dependent on context

SOUND
Koch compares Middle Irish cais with Proto-Celtic *katsi-. The reviewed evidence does not publish a complete, dated chain of Goidelic sound changes, so no missing intermediate forms are invented.
MEANING
The attested Irish entry carries both love and hate readings. The reconstruction does not identify which reading is older or prove that the opposition was already present in Proto-Celtic.
CHRONOLOGY
A conventional Proto-Celtic horizon is compared with source-reported medieval and early modern Irish citations.
SCHOLAR
John T. Koch · Royal Irish Academy eDIL editors
CONFIDENCE
proposed — The Celtic comparison is published, but the daughter path is incompletely exposed and the semantic direction remains unknown.
The shortest history of hatred continued and partly concludedchallengesDiscussion of Irish cais and the non-Germanic comparison

Warns that semantic opposition does not by itself secure the wider family.

ORIGINAL ↗
Celto-Germanic — HATRED *kad-supportsp. 101, Proto-Celtic *katsi- and Middle Irish cais

Publishes the proposed Celtic reconstruction and Irish comparison.

ORIGINAL ↗
eDIL — 1 cais, noun explained as both love and hatecontextHeadword 1 cais; forms caise; love and hate explanation

Documents the attested Irish form and its opposite contextual glosses without supplying a full etymology.

ORIGINAL ↗
OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 1233 ↗
03

TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE

EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE

1

This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.

UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
1
REVIEWED EDGES
1
DEEPEST PATH
1
MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
1
cais1 connected node
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01proposed inheritanceproposed
Proto-Celtic*katsi-→Middle Irish · Middle Irish and later Irish dictionary citationscaislove; hate, with readings dependent on context
SOUND
Koch compares Middle Irish cais with Proto-Celtic *katsi-. The reviewed evidence does not publish a complete, dated chain of Goidelic sound changes, so no missing intermediate forms are invented.
MEANING
The attested Irish entry carries both love and hate readings. The reconstruction does not identify which reading is older or prove that the opposition was already present in Proto-Celtic.
John T. Koch · Royal Irish Academy eDIL editors3 CITATIONSEDGE 1233 ↗
The shortest history of hatred continued and partly concluded · Discussion of Irish cais and the non-Germanic comparison ↗Celto-Germanic — HATRED *kad- · p. 101, Proto-Celtic *katsi- and Middle Irish cais ↗eDIL — 1 cais, noun explained as both love and hate · Headword 1 cais; forms caise; love and hate explanation ↗

“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.

04

RECORDED EVIDENCE

ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE

0
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.

That is expected for a reconstructed form: the node is inferred from comparison, not quoted from a surviving occurrence.

05

EDITORIAL REUSE

WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE

1
02cais*katsi- · proposed