NODE / 1055reconstructedProto-Germanic
*-inga- / *-unga-
TRANSLITERATION *-inga- / *-unga-
person associated with or belonging to a lineage
- DATE
- Proto-Germanic
- SENSE
- lineage member suffix
- FAMILY
- Indo-European / Germanic
- CANONICAL KEY
- node:5:inga-unga:reconstructed:sense:lineage-member-suffix
Graph-only reconstructed suffix explicitly identified by EWA as the second component of the king formation.
*This form is reconstructed by comparison. It is not directly attested in this exact written form.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
*THE TRAIL ENDS HERE.No securely reviewed ancestor extends beyond this node. 1 evidence path stops at this boundary.
INSPECT 1 CITED BOUNDARY CLAIM
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
DESCENDANTderivational componentestablished
Proto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic · king lineage formation*kuninga-
king; lineage-member title formation
- SOUND
- The reconstructed title contains the suffix variant *-inga- beside North Germanic *-unga-.
- MEANING
- The suffix forms a person associated with or belonging to the lineage base.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Reconstructed Proto-Germanic morphology, not a freestanding attested token.
- SCHOLAR
- Rosemarie Lühr
- CONFIDENCE
- established — This is the suffix branch alongside the main-spine *kunja- lexical base.
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 5
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 5
- DEEPEST PATH
- 4
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 1
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01derivational componentestablished
- SOUND
- The reconstructed title contains the suffix variant *-inga- beside North Germanic *-unga-.
- MEANING
- The suffix forms a person associated with or belonging to the lineage base.
HISTORICAL STEP 022 EDGES
STEP 02inheritanceestablished
- SOUND
- Pre-Old-English i-umlaut fronts short u to y before the following unstressed i: reconstructed *kuning- yields Old English cyning; inherited endings are reduced or lost.
- MEANING
- The reconstructed Germanic king title continues as the attested Old English ruler title.
STEP 02borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- Finnish kuningas preserves the reconstructed word’s fuller syllabic shape and final consonant in an adapted Finnic form.
- MEANING
- The borrowed meaning remains king.
Rosemarie Lühr · Charles Barber · Joan C. Beal · Philip A. Shaw2 CITATIONSEDGE 1053 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 031 EDGE
STEP 03inheritanceestablished
- SOUND
- Middle English records early kining and cining beside syncopated king forms: the unstressed medial vowel is lost, Old English y is unrounded toward i in Middle English, and k spelling disambiguates the inherited hard consonant.
- MEANING
- The inherited title for a king or monarch remains stable through the contraction.
Middle English Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 1045 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 041 EDGE
STEP 04historical continuationestablished
- SOUND
- The Middle English spelling king survives into Present-Day English; later phonetic and orthographic standardization is not compressed into one unsupported sound law.
- MEANING
- The monarch sense continues while preeminence, chess, card, checkers, and verbal extensions accumulate.
Merriam-Webster Editors · Middle English Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 1044 ↗ “Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.That is expected for a reconstructed form: the node is inferred from comparison, not quoted from a surviving occurrence.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE