Finnish kuningas preserves the reconstructed word’s fuller syllabic shape and final consonant in an adapted Finnic form.
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP RECORD
COVERAGE LEDGER ↗EDGE / 1053borrowingestablished
A CLAIM
YOU CAN AUDIT.
A relationship—not a generated explanation. Both endpoints, every editorial field, every citation, and every dossier reuse are preserved below.
kuningas
king
OPEN NODE 1057 ↗DESCENDS FROM→
PARENT / EARLIER FORM / reconstructedProto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic · king lineage formation*kuninga-
king; lineage-member title formation
OPEN NODE 1050 ↗01
THE COMPLETE RELATIONSHIP
EVERY FIELD, NOT A FAIRY TALE
The borrowed meaning remains king.
An early Germanic-to-Finnic loan known through comparative evidence.
Rosemarie Lühr · Charles Barber · Joan C. Beal · Philip A. Shaw
established — The sources identify Germanic as donor; the exact contact date is not claimed.
reviewed
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CITATION REGISTER
SOURCES ON THIS EDGE
Kuning — Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen VColumn 885: Germanic loan into Finnish kuningas
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗States the borrowing direction.
The English Language: A Historical Introduction, second editionChapter 4, p. 92 in print; PDF p. 106
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Explains why Finnish preserves comparative evidence for reconstructed *kuningaz.
03
EDITORIAL REUSE