Pre-Old-English i-umlaut fronts short u to y before the following unstressed i: reconstructed *kuning- yields Old English cyning; inherited endings are reduced or lost.
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP RECORD
COVERAGE LEDGER ↗EDGE / 1046inheritanceestablished
A CLAIM
YOU CAN AUDIT.
A relationship—not a generated explanation. Both endpoints, every editorial field, every citation, and every dossier reuse are preserved below.
cyning
king, ruler, or emperor
OPEN NODE 1049 ↗DESCENDS FROM→
PARENT / EARLIER FORM / reconstructedProto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic · king lineage formation*kuninga-
king; lineage-member title formation
OPEN NODE 1050 ↗01
THE COMPLETE RELATIONSHIP
EVERY FIELD, NOT A FAIRY TALE
The reconstructed Germanic king title continues as the attested Old English ruler title.
Proto-Germanic comparison to attested Old English.
Annah Moon · Rosemarie Lühr
established — Moon explicitly exemplifies cyning from *kuning as u > y; EWA independently aligns Old English cyning with *kuninga-.
reviewed
02
CITATION REGISTER
SOURCES ON THIS EDGE
Kuning — Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen VColumns 884–885: ae. cyning < Proto-Germanic *kuninga-
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Publishes the comparative Germanic reconstruction.
I-Umlaut in Old English: A Weak Trigger EffectSection II, example (6a), pp. 1048–1049
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Explicitly exemplifies short u > y in cyning from *kuning under Old English i-umlaut.
03
EDITORIAL REUSE