Attested forms, reconstructions, and explicit limits.
THE GLOBAL LANGUAGE GRAPH
FAMILY ATLAS ↗THE GENEALOGY, NOT THE GLOSSARY
NODE → EDGE → FAMILY → HUMAN LANGUAGETHE WHOLE GRAPH.
NO INVENTED BRIDGES.
Every reviewed historical form and relationship in one navigable system. Where evidence connects families, the graph connects them. Where it does not, the space between them remains visible.
Every relationship carries two change claims and evidence.
Disconnected components stay disconnected.
Inferred forms remain visibly different from records.
515 distinct sources attached to relationships.
Topological steps, not a fabricated universal timescale.
0125 CONNECTED FAMILIES.
THE WHOLE REVIEWED GRAPH
25 CONNECTED FAMILIES.
29 HONEST ISLANDS.
- DOSSIERS
- 38
- NODES
- 138
- EDGES
- 140
- DEPTH
- 9
- DOSSIERS
- 35
- NODES
- 190
- EDGES
- 192
- DEPTH
- 9
- DOSSIERS
- 13
- NODES
- 69
- EDGES
- 72
- DEPTH
- 10
- DOSSIERS
- 10
- NODES
- 60
- EDGES
- 63
- DEPTH
- 11
- DOSSIERS
- 9
- NODES
- 45
- EDGES
- 44
- DEPTH
- 9
- DOSSIERS
- 8
- NODES
- 63
- EDGES
- 64
- DEPTH
- 9
- DOSSIERS
- 7
- NODES
- 38
- EDGES
- 37
- DEPTH
- 8
- DOSSIERS
- 7
- NODES
- 37
- EDGES
- 36
- DEPTH
- 7
- DOSSIERS
- 7
- NODES
- 21
- EDGES
- 20
- DEPTH
- 5
- DOSSIERS
- 5
- NODES
- 24
- EDGES
- 24
- DEPTH
- 7
- DOSSIERS
- 5
- NODES
- 22
- EDGES
- 21
- DEPTH
- 6
- DOSSIERS
- 5
- NODES
- 18
- EDGES
- 17
- DEPTH
- 6
- DOSSIERS
- 4
- NODES
- 33
- EDGES
- 32
- DEPTH
- 10
- DOSSIERS
- 4
- NODES
- 21
- EDGES
- 20
- DEPTH
- 7
- DOSSIERS
- 4
- NODES
- 20
- EDGES
- 19
- DEPTH
- 7
- DOSSIERS
- 3
- NODES
- 14
- EDGES
- 13
- DEPTH
- 5
- DOSSIERS
- 3
- NODES
- 14
- EDGES
- 13
- DEPTH
- 6
- DOSSIERS
- 3
- NODES
- 14
- EDGES
- 13
- DEPTH
- 7
- DOSSIERS
- 3
- NODES
- 8
- EDGES
- 7
- DEPTH
- 3
- DOSSIERS
- 2
- NODES
- 14
- EDGES
- 13
- DEPTH
- 7
- DOSSIERS
- 2
- NODES
- 11
- EDGES
- 10
- DEPTH
- 5
- DOSSIERS
- 2
- NODES
- 9
- EDGES
- 9
- DEPTH
- 6
- DOSSIERS
- 2
- NODES
- 7
- EDGES
- 6
- DEPTH
- 4
- DOSSIERS
- 2
- NODES
- 6
- EDGES
- 5
- DEPTH
- 3
- DOSSIERS
- 2
- NODES
- 5
- EDGES
- 4
- DEPTH
- 3
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 13
- EDGES
- 12
- DEPTH
- 10
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 11
- EDGES
- 10
- DEPTH
- 8
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 10
- EDGES
- 9
- DEPTH
- 9
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 8
- EDGES
- 7
- DEPTH
- 7
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 8
- EDGES
- 7
- DEPTH
- 7
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 7
- EDGES
- 6
- DEPTH
- 6
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 7
- EDGES
- 6
- DEPTH
- 6
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 7
- EDGES
- 6
- DEPTH
- 3
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 6
- EDGES
- 5
- DEPTH
- 2
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 5
- EDGES
- 4
- DEPTH
- 4
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 5
- EDGES
- 4
- DEPTH
- 4
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 5
- EDGES
- 4
- DEPTH
- 2
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 5
- EDGES
- 4
- DEPTH
- 4
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 5
- EDGES
- 4
- DEPTH
- 3
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 5
- EDGES
- 4
- DEPTH
- 4
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 4
- EDGES
- 3
- DEPTH
- 3
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 4
- EDGES
- 3
- DEPTH
- 3
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 4
- EDGES
- 3
- DEPTH
- 2
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 4
- EDGES
- 3
- DEPTH
- 3
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 4
- EDGES
- 3
- DEPTH
- 3
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 4
- EDGES
- 3
- DEPTH
- 3
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 4
- EDGES
- 3
- DEPTH
- 3
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 4
- EDGES
- 3
- DEPTH
- 2
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 4
- EDGES
- 3
- DEPTH
- 3
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 4
- EDGES
- 3
- DEPTH
- 3
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 4
- EDGES
- 3
- DEPTH
- 3
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 3
- EDGES
- 2
- DEPTH
- 2
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 3
- EDGES
- 2
- DEPTH
- 2
- DOSSIERS
- 1
- NODES
- 3
- EDGES
- 2
- DEPTH
- 2
02 / SELECTED EVIDENCE COMPONENT
*dheig̑h- + *wer-³ + *hlaibaz
dairy · dough · feign · fiction · figure · lady · loaf · lord
ATTESTED* RECONSTRUCTEDBOUNDARYMODERN DOSSIERLATER FORM → EARLIER FORM
63MATCHING NODES
64MATCHING EDGES
The complete component remains visible. Filters emphasize matching evidence; they never amputate surrounding history.
EDGECHILD → PARENTRELATION / SCHOLARCONFIDENCEEVIDENCE
0848lord → loverdcontinuationMerriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established2 citations / 2 sources ↗0849loverd → hlāfordcontinuationMerriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established2 citations / 2 sources ↗0850hlāford → hlāfcompound componentMerriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established2 citations / 2 sources ↗0851hlāf → UNKNOWNknowledge boundarySET-U editorial boundary
boundary1 citations / 1 sources ↗0852lady → ladycontinuationMerriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established2 citations / 2 sources ↗0853lady → hlǣfdigecontinuationMerriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established2 citations / 2 sources ↗0854hlǣfdige → hlāfcompound componentMerriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established2 citations / 2 sources ↗0855hlāf → UNKNOWNknowledge boundarySET-U editorial boundary
boundary1 citations / 1 sources ↗0880hlāford → weardcompound componentMerriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0881weard → *wardazinheritanceCalvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0882*wardaz → *wor-to-inheritanceCalvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0883*wor-to- → *wer-³morphological derivationCalvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0884*wer-³ → UNKNOWNknowledge boundarySET-U editorial boundary
boundary1 citations / 1 sources ↗0885hlǣfdige → -digecompound componentMerriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0886-dige → *dīg-inheritanceCalvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0887*dīg- → *dheigh-inheritanceCalvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0888*dheigh- → *dheig̑h-root extensionCalvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0889*dheig̑h- → UNKNOWNknowledge boundarySET-U editorial boundary
boundary1 citations / 1 sources ↗0898loaf → lofcontinuationMerriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established2 citations / 2 sources ↗0899lof → hlāfcontinuationMerriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established2 citations / 2 sources ↗0900hlāf → *hlaibazinheritanceAmerican Heritage Dictionary Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0901*hlaibaz → UNKNOWNknowledge boundarySET-U editorial boundary · American Heritage Dictionary Editors
boundary1 citations / 1 sources ↗0903κλίβανος → UNKNOWNproposed substrate comparisonAmerican Heritage Dictionary Editors
proposed1 citations / 1 sources ↗0904κρίβανος → UNKNOWNproposed substrate comparisonAmerican Heritage Dictionary Editors
proposed1 citations / 1 sources ↗0926dough → doghcontinuationMerriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established2 citations / 2 sources ↗0927dogh → dāgcontinuationMerriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established2 citations / 2 sources ↗0928dāg → *daigazinheritanceMerriam-Webster Editors · Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established2 citations / 2 sources ↗0929*daigaz → *dhoigh-o-inheritanceCalvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0930*dhoigh-o- → *dheigh-morphological derivationCalvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0932*dheig̑h- → UNKNOWNknowledge boundarySET-U editorial boundary · Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
boundary1 citations / 1 sources ↗0933figure → figurecontinuationMerriam-Webster Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0934figure → figureborrowingMerriam-Webster Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0935figure → figūraborrowingMerriam-Webster Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0936figūra → *dhigh-ūrā-morphological derivationCalvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established2 citations / 2 sources ↗0937*dhigh-ūrā- → *dheigh-morphological derivationCalvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0939*dheig̑h- → UNKNOWNknowledge boundarySET-U editorial boundary · Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
boundary1 citations / 1 sources ↗0942figure → figūracompeting borrowingAmerican Heritage Dictionary Editors
proposed1 citations / 1 sources ↗0943figūra → fingerecompeting derivationMerriam-Webster Editors
proposed1 citations / 1 sources ↗0944fingere → *dheigh-inheritanceCalvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0961dairy → deieriecontinuationMerriam-Webster Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0962deierie → deyerieborrowingMerriam-Webster Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0963deyerie → deiederivational baseMerriam-Webster Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0964deie → dǣgeinheritanceMerriam-Webster Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0965dǣge → *daigjōn-inheritanceMerriam-Webster Editors · Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established2 citations / 2 sources ↗0966*daigjōn- → *daiga-derivationMerriam-Webster Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0967*daiga- → *dheigh-inheritanceMerriam-Webster Editors · Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established2 citations / 2 sources ↗0969*dheig̑h- → UNKNOWNknowledge boundarySET-U editorial boundary · Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
boundary1 citations / 1 sources ↗0970fiction → ficciouncontinuationMerriam-Webster Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0971ficcioun → fictionborrowingMerriam-Webster Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0972fiction → fictiōborrowingMerriam-Webster Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0973fictiō → fig-derivationMerriam-Webster Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0974fig- → fingerestem allomorphyMerriam-Webster Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0975fingere → *dhi-n-gh-inheritanceMerriam-Webster Editors · Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established3 citations / 3 sources ↗0976*dhi-n-gh- → *dheigh-morphological derivationCalvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0978*dheig̑h- → UNKNOWNknowledge boundarySET-U editorial boundary · Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
boundary1 citations / 1 sources ↗0979feign → feynencontinuationMerriam-Webster Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0980feynen → feign-borrowingMerriam-Webster Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0981feign- → feindrestem derivationMerriam-Webster Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0982feindre → fingereinheritanceMerriam-Webster Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0986*dheig̑h- → UNKNOWNknowledge boundarySET-U editorial boundary · Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
boundary1 citations / 1 sources ↗0991deyerie → -eriederivational componentMerriam-Webster Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0992-erie → UNKNOWNknowledge boundarySET-U editorial boundary · Merriam-Webster Editors
boundary1 citations / 1 sources ↗0993fictiō → -tiōderivational componentMerriam-Webster Editors
established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0994-tiō → UNKNOWNknowledge boundarySET-U editorial boundary · Merriam-Webster Editors
boundary1 citations / 1 sources ↗03
HOW TO READ THE MAP
CONNECTION IS A CLAIM.
A family exists only when reviewed canonical edges connect its nodes. Empty space means the evidence is still disconnected.
Left-to-right depth is topological descent through claims, not a universal calendar or an assertion of equal duration.
Language, form, status, gloss, dossier reuse, and a permanent node record travel together.
Every line resolves to a relationship record with sound change, semantic change, scholar, confidence, and citations.
Every reconstructed form keeps its asterisk. Attested and inferred evidence never share one visual state.
Boundary nodes are not ancestors. They say exactly where this reviewed path currently stops.