*SET-U

THE GLOBAL LANGUAGE GRAPH

FAMILY ATLAS ↗

THE GENEALOGY, NOT THE GLOSSARY

NODE → EDGE → FAMILY → HUMAN LANGUAGE

THE WHOLE GRAPH.
NO INVENTED BRIDGES.

Every reviewed historical form and relationship in one navigable system. Where evidence connects families, the graph connects them. Where it does not, the space between them remains visible.

1061CANONICAL NODES

Attested forms, reconstructions, and explicit limits.

1025REVIEWED EDGES

Every relationship carries two change claims and evidence.

54EVIDENCE FAMILIES

Disconnected components stay disconnected.

133* RECONSTRUCTIONS

Inferred forms remain visibly different from records.

1669EDGE CITATIONS

515 distinct sources attached to relationships.

11DEEPEST GRAPH PATH

Topological steps, not a fabricated universal timescale.

01

THE WHOLE REVIEWED GRAPH

25 CONNECTED FAMILIES.
29 HONEST ISLANDS.

02 / SELECTED EVIDENCE COMPONENT

*lˤra

çay · chá · chai · tea · чай · چائے · چای

ATTESTED* RECONSTRUCTEDBOUNDARYMODERN DOSSIERLATER FORM → EARLIER FORM
21MATCHING NODES
20MATCHING EDGES

The complete component remains visible. Filters emphasize matching evidence; they never amputate surrounding history.

LAYER 00LATERLAYER 01ROOTWARDLAYER 02ROOTWARDLAYER 03ROOTWARDLAYER 04ROOTWARDLAYER 05HORIZONATTESTEDTurkishçay

tea plant, leaves, beverage, and later social-event senses

çayATTESTEDPortuguesechá

tea plant, leaves, infusion, and related current senses

cháATTESTEDPresent-Day Englishchai

a tea beverage commonly prepared with spices, milk, and sweetener

chaiATTESTEDPresent-Day Englishtea

the leaves of Camellia sinensis or a beverage made by infusing them

teaATTESTEDRussianчай

tea

чайATTESTEDUrduچائے

tea plant, leaves, beverage, infusion, and tea gathering

چائےATTESTEDPersianچای

tea

چایATTESTEDDutchthee

tea

teaATTESTEDHindustani (Hindi–Urdu)चाय / چائے

tea

chaiATTESTEDCantonese茶

tea

cháATTESTEDXiamen Min Chinese茶

tea

teaATTESTEDMandarin Chinese茶

tea

chai · چای · çay +2* RECONSTRUCTEDMiddle Chinese (reconstructed reading)*drae

tea; name of a plant

chai · چای · çay +2* RECONSTRUCTEDOld Chinese (reconstructed)*lˤra

name of a plant

tea · chai · chá +4KNOWLEDGE BOUNDARYBeyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWN

No unique deeper ancestor is promoted by this dossier.

teaKNOWLEDGE BOUNDARYBeyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWN

No unique deeper ancestor is promoted by this dossier.

chaiKNOWLEDGE BOUNDARYBeyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWN

No unique deeper ancestor is promoted by this dossier.

cháKNOWLEDGE BOUNDARYBeyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWN

No unique deeper ancestor is promoted by this dossier.

چایKNOWLEDGE BOUNDARYBeyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWN

No unique deeper ancestor is promoted by this dossier.

çayKNOWLEDGE BOUNDARYBeyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWN

No unique deeper ancestor is promoted by this dossier.

чайKNOWLEDGE BOUNDARYBeyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWN

No unique deeper ancestor is promoted by this dossier.

چائے
EDGECHILD → PARENTRELATION / SCHOLARCONFIDENCEEVIDENCE
0224tea → thee

borrowingÖsten Dahl

probable2 citations / 2 sources ↗0225thee → 茶

borrowingÖsten Dahl

established1 citations / 1 sources ↗0226茶 → *lˤra

sinitic reflexÖsten Dahl · William H. Baxter · Laurent Sagart

probable2 citations / 2 sources ↗0227*lˤra → UNKNOWN

knowledge boundarySET-U editorial boundary

boundary1 citations / 1 sources ↗0228chai → चाय / چائے

borrowingMerriam-Webster Editors

probable1 citations / 1 sources ↗0229चाय / چائے → 茶

overland borrowing routeÖsten Dahl · Merriam-Webster Editors

probable2 citations / 2 sources ↗0230茶 → *drae

historical continuationWilliam H. Baxter · Laurent Sagart

probable1 citations / 1 sources ↗0231*drae → *lˤra

historical reconstructionWilliam H. Baxter · Laurent Sagart

probable1 citations / 1 sources ↗0232*lˤra → UNKNOWN

knowledge boundarySET-U editorial boundary

boundary1 citations / 1 sources ↗0233چای → 茶

borrowingDaniel Balland · Marcel Bazin

probable2 citations / 2 sources ↗0528chá → 茶

borrowingÖsten Dahl · Porto Editora Editors

probable2 citations / 2 sources ↗0529茶 → *lˤra

sinitic reflexÖsten Dahl · William H. Baxter · Laurent Sagart

probable2 citations / 2 sources ↗0530*lˤra → UNKNOWN

knowledge boundarySET-U editorial boundary

boundary1 citations / 1 sources ↗0534*lˤra → UNKNOWN

knowledge boundarySET-U editorial boundary

boundary1 citations / 1 sources ↗0535çay → 茶

borrowing via persianErdoğan Boz · Östen Dahl

probable3 citations / 3 sources ↗0538*lˤra → UNKNOWN

knowledge boundarySET-U editorial boundary

boundary1 citations / 1 sources ↗0539чай → 茶

borrowing via turkicMax Vasmer · Östen Dahl

probable3 citations / 3 sources ↗0542*lˤra → UNKNOWN

knowledge boundarySET-U editorial boundary

boundary1 citations / 1 sources ↗0543چائے → 茶

overland borrowing routeRekhta Dictionary Editors · Östen Dahl · Merriam-Webster Editors

probable3 citations / 3 sources ↗0546*lˤra → UNKNOWN

knowledge boundarySET-U editorial boundary

boundary1 citations / 1 sources ↗
03

HOW TO READ THE MAP

CONNECTION IS A CLAIM.

01COMPONENTS

A family exists only when reviewed canonical edges connect its nodes. Empty space means the evidence is still disconnected.

02LAYERS

Left-to-right depth is topological descent through claims, not a universal calendar or an assertion of equal duration.

03NODES

Language, form, status, gloss, dossier reuse, and a permanent node record travel together.

04EDGES

Every line resolves to a relationship record with sound change, semantic change, scholar, confidence, and citations.

05ASTERISKS

Every reconstructed form keeps its asterisk. Attested and inferred evidence never share one visual state.

06HORIZONS

Boundary nodes are not ancestors. They say exactly where this reviewed path currently stops.