NODE / 0575boundaryBeyond secure reconstruction
UNKNOWN
No unique deeper ancestor is promoted by this dossier.
- DATE
- before the reviewed Old Chinese reconstruction
- SENSE
- portuguese cha deep boundary
- FAMILY
- unclassified
- CANONICAL KEY
- boundary:100:4
The trail reaches the same reviewed reconstruction as the wider tea family and stops.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
*THE TRAIL ENDS HERE.No reviewed parent edge extends beyond this canonical node.
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 14
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 14
- DEEPEST PATH
- 5
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 7
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01knowledge boundaryboundary
- SOUND
- No older form is promoted beyond Baxter and Sagart’s *lˤra in this reviewed path.
- MEANING
- The plant-name history reaches the present editorial evidence horizon.
HISTORICAL STEP 023 EDGES
STEP 02sinitic reflexprobable
- SOUND
- Southern Min te is treated as a divergent Sinitic reflex of the word reconstructed by Baxter and Sagart as Old Chinese *lˤra; the exact sound history is not reduced here to one uncontroversial rule.
- MEANING
- The plant or beverage meaning remains tea.
Östen Dahl · William H. Baxter · Laurent Sagart2 CITATIONSEDGE 226 ↗ STEP 02historical reconstructionprobable
- SOUND
- Baxter and Sagart reconstruct Middle Chinese drae from Old Chinese *lˤra for the same character 茶.
- MEANING
- The gloss remains a plant name associated with tea.
William H. Baxter · Laurent Sagart1 CITATIONEDGE 231 ↗ STEP 02sinitic reflexprobable
- SOUND
- Cantonese cha is treated as a Sinitic reflex of the word reconstructed as Old Chinese *lˤra; no false one-line sound law is invented.
- MEANING
- The tea meaning remains stable.
Östen Dahl · William H. Baxter · Laurent Sagart2 CITATIONSEDGE 529 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 033 EDGES
STEP 03borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- Dutch thee adapts the Southern Min te-type pronunciation with Dutch spelling conventions.
- MEANING
- The meaning remains tea.
STEP 03historical continuationprobable
- SOUND
- Modern Mandarin chá continues the Chinese word represented by reconstructed Middle Chinese *drae, with the onset and vowel changes summarized by the Baxter–Sagart correspondence table.
- MEANING
- The tea meaning remains stable.
William H. Baxter · Laurent Sagart1 CITATIONEDGE 230 ↗ STEP 03borrowingprobable
- SOUND
- Portuguese chá adapts a Cantonese cha-type form with Portuguese spelling and /ʃ/ realization; Infopédia instead labels the source Mandarin.
- MEANING
- The meaning remains tea, later extending regularly to the plant, leaves, infusion, and social uses.
Östen Dahl · Porto Editora Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 528 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 046 EDGES
STEP 04borrowingprobable
- SOUND
- English tea reflects the Dutch thee-type form; the modern /iː/ follows the wider English raising of earlier /eː/.
- MEANING
- The plant and beverage senses were retained, then English developed additional meal, social-event, infusion, and slang branches.
STEP 04overland borrowing routeprobable
- SOUND
- Hindustani cāy belongs to the cha/chay family derived from Chinese chá; the final glide and exact sequence of intermediaries are not treated as one settled sound law.
- MEANING
- The core meaning remains tea, while preparation traditions vary across receiving languages.
Östen Dahl · Merriam-Webster Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 229 ↗ STEP 04borrowingprobable
- SOUND
- Persian čāy is reported as derived from Chinese ch’a, retaining the cha onset and adding the final glide represented in Persian transliteration.
- MEANING
- The meaning remains tea.
Daniel Balland · Marcel Bazin2 CITATIONSEDGE 233 ↗ STEP 04borrowing via persianprobable
- SOUND
- Turkish çay belongs to the Chinese cha/chay family, but the reviewed Turkish study argues that historical Turkey Turkish received it through Persian rather than by direct Chinese contact.
- MEANING
- The core tea meaning remains, then Turkish develops ordinary plant, beverage, gathering, and refreshment senses.
STEP 04borrowing via turkicprobable
- SOUND
- Russian чай is traced through a relay of Turkic forms—including Turkish, Crimean Tatar, Tatar, Kyrgyz, Altai, and Uyghur comparisons—to northern Chinese ch’a; no single immediate donor is silently selected.
- MEANING
- The tea meaning remains stable across the relay.
STEP 04overland borrowing routeprobable
- SOUND
- Urdu cāy belongs to the cha/chay family ultimately derived from Chinese chá; Rekhta labels the current Urdu headword Persian in origin, while the graph does not invent an exact dated Persian-to-Urdu event.
- MEANING
- The general tea meaning remains, with local extensions to infusions and social tea.
Rekhta Dictionary Editors · Östen Dahl · Merriam-Webster Editors3 CITATIONSEDGE 543 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 051 EDGE
STEP 05borrowingprobable
- SOUND
- English chai adapts the chay/cāy form as /tʃaɪ/.
- MEANING
- A general word for tea specializes in English toward South Asian-style spiced tea.
“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.The reviewed graph does not yet attach a source-reported or directly inspected witness to this canonical form.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE