NODE / 1100attestedOld English

hatian

TRANSLITERATION hatian

to hate, treat as an enemy, persecute, or in a cited context pursue

DATE: Old English
SENSE: hate pursue verb
FAMILY: Indo-European / West Germanic
CANONICAL KEY: node:3:hatian:attested:sense:hate-pursue-verb

Graph-only verb ancestry. The pursuit gloss is a scholarly semantic argument, not a replacement for all attested hostile meanings.

ANCESTRAL EDGES

ROOT OF THIS ROOT

GO DEEPERinheritanceestablished

Proto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic · hate verb formation

*hatōjan-

to hate or treat with enmity

SOUND: Old English hatian continues the reconstructed Germanic weak verb *hatōjan-, with the inherited stem and reduced inflection.
MEANING: The Germanic hostile-disposition verb continues in Old English; pursuit or persecution may preserve a more concrete action sense.
CHRONOLOGY: Proto-Germanic reconstruction into attested Old English.
SCHOLAR: Merriam-Webster Editors · Anatoly Liberman
CONFIDENCE: established — The formal inheritance is secure; the semantic priority of pursuit is proposed.

Hate — definition, etymology, and first known usesupportsVerb etymology: Germanic *hatōjan-

Publishes the reconstructed formal path.

ORIGINAL ↗

The shortest history of hatred continued and partly concludedcontextOld English pursuit and Germanic verb discussion

Supplies the proposed concrete semantic history.

ORIGINAL ↗

HATIAN — An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, Dictionary HsupportsHATIAN entry, grammar and examples

Documents the Old English weak verb and its attested syntactic range.

ORIGINAL ↗

A Handbook of Germanic Etymology — *xataz, *xatjanan, and *xatōjanancontextp. 203, *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan

Supplies the Germanic verb reconstruction and cognate set while preserving notation variation.

ORIGINAL ↗

OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 1095 ↗

DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES

THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP

DESCENDANTinheritanceestablished

Middle English · Middle English · hate verb alternative

haten

to hate or treat with enmity

SOUND: Middle English haten continues Old English hatian with loss of the medial unstressed vowel and inherited infinitive reduction.
MEANING: Treat as an enemy or persecute continues as hate; a pursuit sense is relevant to one deeper semantic hypothesis.
CHRONOLOGY: Old English into Middle English.
SCHOLAR: Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors · Anatoly Liberman
CONFIDENCE: established — The verb ancestry is secure; the claim that pursuit is primary remains proposed.

Hate — definition, etymology, and first known usesupportsVerb etymology: Middle English haten from Old English hatian

Publishes the historical continuation.

ORIGINAL ↗

Hate — definition and etymologycontextVerb etymology

Independently documents the same stages.

ORIGINAL ↗

Beowulf: an Anglo-Saxon poem — glossary entry hatiancontextGlossary entry hatian, lines 2320 and 2467 in that edition’s numbering

Documents hate, enemy action, injury, and the two poetic occurrences.

ORIGINAL ↗

OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 1094 ↗

TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE

EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE

This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.

UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES: 5
REVIEWED EDGES: 5
DEEPEST PATH: 4
MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED: 2

hate3 connected nodes hatred3 connected nodes

HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE

STEP 01inheritanceestablished

Old Englishhatian→Middle English · Middle Englishhatento hate or treat with enmity

SOUND: Middle English haten continues Old English hatian with loss of the medial unstressed vowel and inherited infinitive reduction.
MEANING: Treat as an enemy or persecute continues as hate; a pursuit sense is relevant to one deeper semantic hypothesis.

Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors · Anatoly Liberman3 CITATIONSEDGE 1094 ↗

Hate — definition, etymology, and first known use · Verb etymology: Middle English haten from Old English hatian ↗Hate — definition and etymology · Verb etymology ↗Beowulf: an Anglo-Saxon poem — glossary entry hatian · Glossary entry hatian, lines 2320 and 2467 in that edition’s numbering ↗

HISTORICAL STEP 021 EDGE

STEP 02derivationprobable

Middle Englishhaten→Middle English · Middle Englishhatehate, extreme anger, hostility, or the lexical base of hatrede

SOUND: The noun hate is analyzed as a zero-derived or remodeled form based on Middle English haten; this edge represents Merriam-Webster’s probable analysis, not unanimous consensus.
MEANING: The verbal act or disposition of hating supplies a remodeled noun for the emotion.

Merriam-Webster Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 1093 ↗

Hate — definition, etymology, and first known use · Noun etymology: probably derivative of haten ↗Hate — definition and etymology · Noun etymology: Middle English from Old English hete ↗

HISTORICAL STEP 032 EDGES

STEP 03compound componentestablished

Middle Englishhate→Middle English · Middle Englishhatrede / hatreden / hateredynhatred; the state or condition of hate

SOUND: The first element of Middle English hate-rede is hate. This component edge is morphological analysis, not a claim that the whole compound changed into the bare noun.
MEANING: Hate supplies the emotion or hostility whose condition the compound names.

Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 1085 ↗

Hatred — definition, etymology, and first known use · Etymology: hate plus -rede ↗Hatred — definition and etymology · Bracketed etymology: hate plus -rede ↗

STEP 03historical continuationestablished

Middle Englishhate→Present-Day English · before the 12th century–todayhateas a noun, intense hostility, aversion, or an object of hostility; as a verb, feel enmity or strong aversion

SOUND: Middle English hate continues into modern /heɪt/ through the Great Vowel Shift and regular loss of final inflectional material; noun and verb converge in one spelling.
MEANING: The hostility and enmity field continues while the verb also develops strong-dislike, distaste, and polite-reluctance uses and the noun develops attributive public uses such as hate speech.

Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 1097 ↗

Hate — definition, etymology, and first known use · Definitions, noun and verb etymologies, and first-known-use sections ↗Hate — definition and etymology · Noun and verb entries ↗

HISTORICAL STEP 041 EDGE

STEP 04historical continuationestablished

Middle Englishhatrede / hatreden / hateredyn→Present-Day English · 13th century–todayhatredintense animosity, hostility, extreme dislike, or hostile resentment

SOUND: Middle English hatrede / hatreden loses the final suffixal syllable while the reduced -red spelling and /rɪd/ pronunciation become fixed in modern English.
MEANING: The medieval state or condition of hate continues as intense animosity, hostility, or extreme dislike; countable hatreds later names particular hostilities.

Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors · Anatoly Liberman3 CITATIONSEDGE 1084 ↗

Hatred — definition, etymology, and first known use · Word History: Middle English hatrede and 13th-century first known use ↗Hatred — definition and etymology · Bracketed etymology and modern definition ↗The shortest history of hatred: Part 1 · Final paragraph: -red “condition” and hatred displacing Middle English hete ↗

“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.

RECORDED EVIDENCE