NODE / 1092attestedMiddle English
hate
TRANSLITERATION hate
hate, extreme anger, hostility, or the lexical base of hatrede
- DATE
- Middle English
- SENSE
- hate noun component
- FAMILY
- Indo-European / West Germanic
- CANONICAL KEY
- node:2:hate:attested:sense:hate-noun-component
First component of the Middle English formation. Whether the noun directly continued Old English hete or was remade from the verb haten is preserved as a live lexicographic disagreement.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
GO DEEPERlexical continuationprobable
Old English · Old English · hate anger hostility nounhete
hate, hatred, spite, envy, malice, hostility, or anger
- SOUND
- Middle English hate stands beside inherited hete, with a remodeled a-vowel form associated with the verb haten. The graph does not pretend the noun-side replacement was a single regular sound law.
- MEANING
- Old English hate, hostility, and anger continue in Middle English, while the noun form is remodeled or replaced beside the inherited reflex.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Old English into Middle English, with overlapping inherited and remodeled forms.
- SCHOLAR
- Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors
- CONFIDENCE
- probable — American Heritage presents the noun as from Old English hete; Merriam-Webster instead calls Middle English hate probably derivative of haten and replacing hete.
GO DEEPERderivationprobable
Middle English · Middle English · hate verb alternativehaten
to hate or treat with enmity
- SOUND
- The noun hate is analyzed as a zero-derived or remodeled form based on Middle English haten; this edge represents Merriam-Webster’s probable analysis, not unanimous consensus.
- MEANING
- The verbal act or disposition of hating supplies a remodeled noun for the emotion.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Middle English internal derivation or remodeling.
- SCHOLAR
- Merriam-Webster Editors
- CONFIDENCE
- probable — American Heritage instead presents the noun as continuing Old English hete.
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 3
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 3
- DEEPEST PATH
- 2
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 2
HISTORICAL STEP 012 EDGES
STEP 01compound componentestablished
- SOUND
- The first element of Middle English hate-rede is hate. This component edge is morphological analysis, not a claim that the whole compound changed into the bare noun.
- MEANING
- Hate supplies the emotion or hostility whose condition the compound names.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 1085 ↗ STEP 01historical continuationestablished
- SOUND
- Middle English hate continues into modern /heɪt/ through the Great Vowel Shift and regular loss of final inflectional material; noun and verb converge in one spelling.
- MEANING
- The hostility and enmity field continues while the verb also develops strong-dislike, distaste, and polite-reluctance uses and the noun develops attributive public uses such as hate speech.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 1097 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 021 EDGE
STEP 02historical continuationestablished
- SOUND
- Middle English hatrede / hatreden loses the final suffixal syllable while the reduced -red spelling and /rɪd/ pronunciation become fixed in modern English.
- MEANING
- The medieval state or condition of hate continues as intense animosity, hostility, or extreme dislike; countable hatreds later names particular hostilities.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors · Anatoly Liberman3 CITATIONSEDGE 1084 ↗ “Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.The reviewed graph does not yet attach a source-reported or directly inspected witness to this canonical form.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE