*SET-U

CANONICAL LANGUAGE GRAPH

TRACE A WORD ↗
NODE / 1093attestedOld English

hete

TRANSLITERATION hete

hate, hatred, spite, envy, malice, hostility, or anger

DATE
Old English
SENSE
hate anger hostility noun
FAMILY
Indo-European / West Germanic
CANONICAL KEY
node:3:hete:attested:sense:hate-anger-hostility-noun

The inherited Old English noun is the direct noun-side comparison. A separate graph branch preserves the competing derivation through the verb hatian.

01

ANCESTRAL EDGES

ROOT OF THIS ROOT

1
GO DEEPERinheritanceestablished
Proto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic · hate anger germanic i stem

*hatiz-

hate, anger, enmity, spite, or hostility

SOUND
The Germanic i-stem *hatiz- yields Old English hete; the exact intermediate West Germanic paradigm is not independently promoted here.
MEANING
The Germanic hate, anger, enmity, and spite field continues in the Old English noun.
CHRONOLOGY
Proto-Germanic reconstruction into attested Old English.
SCHOLAR
Merriam-Webster Editors · Anatoly Liberman
CONFIDENCE
established — Merriam-Webster directly aligns the i-stem with Old English hete; Liberman supplies the Germanic cognate set.
Hate — definition, etymology, and first known usesupportsNoun etymology: Germanic *hatiz- and Old English hete

Publishes the i-stem ancestry and comparison.

ORIGINAL ↗
The shortest history of hatred continued and partly concludedcontextGermanic cognate paragraph: Old English hete, Old High German haz, Old Saxon heti, Old Icelandic hatr

Supplies the comparative Germanic family.

ORIGINAL ↗
HETE — An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary OnlinesupportsHETE entry, etymology section

Supplies the Old English form and attested Germanic comparisons.

ORIGINAL ↗
A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary — hete and related entriescontextLines 2968–2985, hete and compounds

Independently documents the form, semantic range, and related formations.

ORIGINAL ↗
OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 1087 ↗
02

DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES

THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP

1
DESCENDANTlexical continuationprobable
Middle English · Middle English · hate noun component

hate

hate, extreme anger, hostility, or the lexical base of hatrede

SOUND
Middle English hate stands beside inherited hete, with a remodeled a-vowel form associated with the verb haten. The graph does not pretend the noun-side replacement was a single regular sound law.
MEANING
Old English hate, hostility, and anger continue in Middle English, while the noun form is remodeled or replaced beside the inherited reflex.
CHRONOLOGY
Old English into Middle English, with overlapping inherited and remodeled forms.
SCHOLAR
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors
CONFIDENCE
probable — American Heritage presents the noun as from Old English hete; Merriam-Webster instead calls Middle English hate probably derivative of haten and replacing hete.
Hate — definition, etymology, and first known usesupportsNoun etymology: probably derivative of haten, replacing hete

Publishes the remodeled-noun analysis and its qualification.

ORIGINAL ↗
Hate — definition and etymologychallengesEtymology: noun from Old English hete

Presents the more direct noun-continuation analysis.

ORIGINAL ↗
OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 1086 ↗
03

TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE

EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE

4

This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.

UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
4
REVIEWED EDGES
4
DEEPEST PATH
3
MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
2
hate2 connected nodeshatred3 connected nodes
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01lexical continuationprobable
Old Englishhete→Middle English · Middle Englishhatehate, extreme anger, hostility, or the lexical base of hatrede
SOUND
Middle English hate stands beside inherited hete, with a remodeled a-vowel form associated with the verb haten. The graph does not pretend the noun-side replacement was a single regular sound law.
MEANING
Old English hate, hostility, and anger continue in Middle English, while the noun form is remodeled or replaced beside the inherited reflex.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 1086 ↗
Hate — definition, etymology, and first known use · Noun etymology: probably derivative of haten, replacing hete ↗Hate — definition and etymology · Etymology: noun from Old English hete ↗
HISTORICAL STEP 022 EDGES
STEP 02compound componentestablished
Middle Englishhate→Middle English · Middle Englishhatrede / hatreden / hateredynhatred; the state or condition of hate
SOUND
The first element of Middle English hate-rede is hate. This component edge is morphological analysis, not a claim that the whole compound changed into the bare noun.
MEANING
Hate supplies the emotion or hostility whose condition the compound names.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 1085 ↗
Hatred — definition, etymology, and first known use · Etymology: hate plus -rede ↗Hatred — definition and etymology · Bracketed etymology: hate plus -rede ↗
STEP 02historical continuationestablished
Middle Englishhate→Present-Day English · before the 12th century–todayhateas a noun, intense hostility, aversion, or an object of hostility; as a verb, feel enmity or strong aversion
SOUND
Middle English hate continues into modern /heɪt/ through the Great Vowel Shift and regular loss of final inflectional material; noun and verb converge in one spelling.
MEANING
The hostility and enmity field continues while the verb also develops strong-dislike, distaste, and polite-reluctance uses and the noun develops attributive public uses such as hate speech.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 1097 ↗
Hate — definition, etymology, and first known use · Definitions, noun and verb etymologies, and first-known-use sections ↗Hate — definition and etymology · Noun and verb entries ↗
HISTORICAL STEP 031 EDGE
STEP 03historical continuationestablished
Middle Englishhatrede / hatreden / hateredyn→Present-Day English · 13th century–todayhatredintense animosity, hostility, extreme dislike, or hostile resentment
SOUND
Middle English hatrede / hatreden loses the final suffixal syllable while the reduced -red spelling and /rɪd/ pronunciation become fixed in modern English.
MEANING
The medieval state or condition of hate continues as intense animosity, hostility, or extreme dislike; countable hatreds later names particular hostilities.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors · Anatoly Liberman3 CITATIONSEDGE 1084 ↗
Hatred — definition, etymology, and first known use · Word History: Middle English hatrede and 13th-century first known use ↗Hatred — definition and etymology · Bracketed etymology and modern definition ↗The shortest history of hatred: Part 1 · Final paragraph: -red “condition” and hatred displacing Middle English hete ↗

“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.

04

RECORDED EVIDENCE

ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE

3
SOURCE-REPORTEDlexical corpusestablished

Beowulf occurrence reported by Bosworth–Toller

Wæs his hete grim

hete dossier · recorded as hete
Bosworth–Toller citation index · Beowulf · Cotton MS Vitellius A XV, edition line 2554WITNESS RECORD ↗HETE — An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online ↗
05

EDITORIAL REUSE

WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE

2
04hatredhete · established01hetehete · established