NODE / 1099attestedMiddle English
haten
TRANSLITERATION haten
to hate or treat with enmity
- DATE
- Middle English
- SENSE
- hate verb alternative
- FAMILY
- Indo-European / West Germanic
- CANONICAL KEY
- node:2:haten:attested:sense:hate-verb-alternative
Graph-only alternative: Merriam-Webster considers the noun hate probably derived from this verb, while American Heritage gives a direct noun path from Old English hete.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
GO DEEPERinheritanceestablished
Old English · Old English · hate pursue verbhatian
to hate, treat as an enemy, persecute, or in a cited context pursue
- SOUND
- Middle English haten continues Old English hatian with loss of the medial unstressed vowel and inherited infinitive reduction.
- MEANING
- Treat as an enemy or persecute continues as hate; a pursuit sense is relevant to one deeper semantic hypothesis.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Old English into Middle English.
- SCHOLAR
- Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors · Anatoly Liberman
- CONFIDENCE
- established — The verb ancestry is secure; the claim that pursuit is primary remains proposed.
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
DESCENDANTderivationprobable
Middle English · Middle English · hate noun componenthate
hate, extreme anger, hostility, or the lexical base of hatrede
- SOUND
- The noun hate is analyzed as a zero-derived or remodeled form based on Middle English haten; this edge represents Merriam-Webster’s probable analysis, not unanimous consensus.
- MEANING
- The verbal act or disposition of hating supplies a remodeled noun for the emotion.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Middle English internal derivation or remodeling.
- SCHOLAR
- Merriam-Webster Editors
- CONFIDENCE
- probable — American Heritage instead presents the noun as continuing Old English hete.
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 4
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 4
- DEEPEST PATH
- 3
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 2
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01derivationprobable
- SOUND
- The noun hate is analyzed as a zero-derived or remodeled form based on Middle English haten; this edge represents Merriam-Webster’s probable analysis, not unanimous consensus.
- MEANING
- The verbal act or disposition of hating supplies a remodeled noun for the emotion.
HISTORICAL STEP 022 EDGES
STEP 02compound componentestablished
- SOUND
- The first element of Middle English hate-rede is hate. This component edge is morphological analysis, not a claim that the whole compound changed into the bare noun.
- MEANING
- Hate supplies the emotion or hostility whose condition the compound names.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 1085 ↗ STEP 02historical continuationestablished
- SOUND
- Middle English hate continues into modern /heɪt/ through the Great Vowel Shift and regular loss of final inflectional material; noun and verb converge in one spelling.
- MEANING
- The hostility and enmity field continues while the verb also develops strong-dislike, distaste, and polite-reluctance uses and the noun develops attributive public uses such as hate speech.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 1097 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 031 EDGE
STEP 03historical continuationestablished
- SOUND
- Middle English hatrede / hatreden loses the final suffixal syllable while the reduced -red spelling and /rɪd/ pronunciation become fixed in modern English.
- MEANING
- The medieval state or condition of hate continues as intense animosity, hostility, or extreme dislike; countable hatreds later names particular hostilities.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors · Anatoly Liberman3 CITATIONSEDGE 1084 ↗ “Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.The reviewed graph does not yet attach a source-reported or directly inspected witness to this canonical form.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE