Canonical edges, each carrying form and meaning history.
THE CHANGE ATLAS
WORD FAMILIES ↗EVERY REVIEWED EDGE / TWO HISTORIES EACH
FORM → MEANING → EVIDENCEHOW WORDS MOVE.
HOW MEANINGS MUTATE.
A global atlas of every reviewed transformation in the graph—from lost vowels and borrowed spellings to meanings narrowed, inverted, elevated, and remade.
EVERY TRANSFORMATION
IS A CLAIM.
Every edge names the linked forms, relationship, sound history, semantic history, scholar, confidence, chronology when known, and the sources that warrant it. Search the language of change without flattening it.
No reviewed edge is allowed to omit what changed in form.
No reviewed edge is allowed to omit what changed in meaning.
515 distinct sources support the edge ledger.
Named analyses remain attached instead of becoming anonymous fact.
Borrowing, inheritance, derivation, uncertainty, and more stay distinct.
SEARCH THE TRANSFORMATIONS
FOLLOW CHANGE ITSELF.
The atlas searches the exact reviewed prose and authoritative edge labels. It does not manufacture universal “sound laws” or semantic categories by guessing from descriptions.
SOUND HISTORY
1025 EVIDENCE-BACKED CHANGES
Greek prologos combines pro- “before” with logos “speech or discourse”; this path follows the logos component.
A speech positioned before a performance becomes the prologue.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe separate pro- component is preserved as a second canonical parent.
The Middle English learned form stabilizes as modern legible with later English stress and vowel development.
Literal readability remains primary while discernibility and understandability become figurative extensions.
CHRONOLOGYThe sources place English use in the late fourteenth or fifteenth century.
Middle English legible borrows Late Latin legibilis with English phonological adaptation.
The ability to be read remains the inherited meaning.
Late Latin legibilis is formed from Latin legere “to read” with an ability suffix.
The activity of reading becomes the quality of being readable.
French législation borrows Medieval or Late Latin legislatio with regular Romance adaptation.
Proposal or bearing of a law develops into law-making authority and a body of laws.
CHRONOLOGYCNRTL attests Medieval Latin legislatio around 1238 and French législation in 1372–74.
Latin legislatio contains legis, the genitive of lēx “law”; this path follows the law component while lātio is modeled separately.
Law is the object being proposed, borne forward, or enacted.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe lātio carrying/proposing component is a second canonical parent.
The bound dia- component remains visible inside dialegesthai; no independent sound change is asserted.
Through, across, or between supplies the relational orientation of conversing.
CONFIDENCE NOTEBoth reviewed sources distinguish this prefix from the numeral two.
The bound pro- component remains visible inside prologos; no independent sound change is asserted.
Before positions the speech or discourse ahead of the main performance.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThis edge completes the two-component model with logos.
The lātio component is preserved inside legislatio alongside genitive legis; no sound change beyond compounding is asserted.
Bearing or proposing supplies the action applied to a law.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThis edge completes the two-component model with lēx / lēgis.
Latin lātio is analyzed through lātum / lātus, the suppletive participial material used with ferre.
The general action of bearing or bringing specializes to proposing something for acceptance.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe irregular paradigm is represented as a directly cited derivational relation, not a fabricated regular sound law.
Latin ferre continues the Indo-European *bher- carrying family through inherited Italic phonology and an irregular paradigm.
The core carrying and bearing sense remains stable while Latin adds proposing, reporting, and enduring extensions.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe lexical comparison is strong; the exact prehistoric inflectional history is not compressed into one rule.
Middle English lawe / laue stabilizes as law while later English vowel history produces the modern pronunciation.
The inherited legal-rule sense expands to bodies of law, professions, and regular principles in science.
CHRONOLOGYModern spelling postdates the source-reported Old and Middle English forms.
Old English lagu continues into Middle English with loss of final unstressed -u and spelling variation including laue and lawe.
Ordinance, rule, and legal order remain central.
Old English adapts a Scandinavian law-word represented by Old Norse lǫg / lög and lag.
What is laid down or put in order becomes a prescribed rule and legal institution.
CHRONOLOGYThe exact contact event and donor inflection are not reduced to one date.
Middle English arsmetike / arsmetrik is respelled arithmetic under renewed alignment with Latin and Greek.
The counting art remains arithmetic while its domain broadens within modern mathematics.
CHRONOLOGYSources differ between a mid-thirteenth-century and fifteenth-century English horizon.
Middle English adapts Old French and Anglo-French forms; a folk association with ars metrica contributes the extra r in some spellings.
The practical and learned counting discipline remains central.
- contextEarliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics: A · ARITHMETIC section: medieval spelling confusions↗
- supportsArithmetic — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use · Word History: Anglo-French arismatike↗
- supportsArithmetic — Origin and history · Headword history: Old French arsmetique and ars metrica folk analysis↗
French arsmetique / arismatike continues Latin arithmetica through regular learned transmission and medieval respelling.
Arithmetic remains the counting discipline.
Latin arithmetica borrows and adapts Greek arithmētikē.
The Greek counting art enters Latin education and mathematical vocabulary.
Greek arithmētikē is built in the arithmos “number” family.
Number or counting supplies the name of the counting art.
English emoticon truncates and joins emotion with icon; this dossier path follows the emotion component.
Feeling supplies the expressive content of the keyboard-character image.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe icon component is preserved as a second cited canonical parent.
English emotion borrows Middle French émotion with English stress and vowel adaptation.
Movement, disturbance, and agitation develop toward strong feeling and later feeling generally.
CHRONOLOGYMerriam-Webster reports English use in 1579; Etymonline places the earliest horizon in the 1570s.
- supportsEmotion — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use · Word History: Middle French; First Known Use 1579↗
- supportsEmotion — Origin and history · Headword history: French émotion; strong-feeling sense by the 1650s↗
- supportsAmerican Heritage Dictionary: emotion · Word History: French émotion↗
Middle French émotion is formed in the Old French emouvoir / esmovoir movement family.
The act or state of stirring and agitation becomes the abstract noun.
Old French emouvoir / esmovoir continues Latin ēmovēre with Romance sound and spelling development.
Moving out or displacing extends to stirring and agitation.
- supportsEmotion — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use · Word History: Old French esmovoir from Latin emovēre↗
- supportsEmotion — Origin and history · Headword history: emouvoir from Latin emovere↗
- supportsAmerican Heritage Dictionary: emotion · Etymology: Old French esmovoir from Latin exmovere↗
Latin ēmovēre combines ex- / ē- “out” with movēre “move”; this linear path follows the verbal base.
Moving out, removing, or displacing develops an agitation sense.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe ex- component is also modeled as a cited graph branch.
READ THE EDGE, NOT JUST THE WORD
TWO HISTORIES TRAVEL TOGETHER.
Pronunciation, spelling, morphology, loss, insertion, adaptation, and regular historical development.
Narrowing, broadening, metaphor, social reanalysis, technical specialization, and meaning retained.
Attested forms, reconstructed forms marked by *, and explicit knowledge boundaries never share one certainty label.
Scholar, confidence, chronology, source stance, locator, and evidence note remain attached to the atomic edge.