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has led some scholars to question the precise compound etymology.","chronologyNote":null,"citationCount":3,"distinctSourceCount":3,"dossierCount":6,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/edge/122","childCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/138","parentCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/139"},{"cursor":123,"id":123,"childNodeId":139,"childForm":"*ghos-pot-","childStatus":"reconstructed","childGloss":"guest-master; person embodying a reciprocal hospitality relationship","childLanguageId":6,"childLanguage":"Proto-Indo-European","childLanguageFamily":"Indo-European","parentNodeId":140,"parentForm":"*ghos-ti-","parentStatus":"reconstructed","parentGloss":"stranger, guest, host; person with reciprocal duties of hospitality","parentLanguageId":6,"parentLanguage":"Proto-Indo-European","parentLanguageFamily":"Indo-European","relationType":"compound_component","soundChange":"The first member *ghos- of *ghos-pot- continues the *ghos-ti- guest/stranger base; the compound also contains *pot- 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represented across the cognate set.","semanticChange":"A reciprocal outsider or stranger specializes as the guest.","scholar":"Merriam-Webster · American Heritage Indo-European Roots · University of Texas LRC","confidence":"probable","confidenceNote":"The Indo-European form is reconstructed from a geographically limited set of branches.","chronologyNote":null,"citationCount":3,"distinctSourceCount":3,"dossierCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/edge/128","childCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/145","parentCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/140"},{"cursor":129,"id":129,"childNodeId":140,"childForm":"*ghos-ti-","childStatus":"reconstructed","childGloss":"stranger, guest, host; person with reciprocal duties of hospitality","childLanguageId":6,"childLanguage":"Proto-Indo-European","childLanguageFamily":"Indo-European","parentNodeId":146,"parentForm":"UNKNOWN","parentStatus":"boundary","parentGloss":"No single deeper ancestor of *ghos-ti- is treated as secure.","parentLanguageId":7,"parentLanguage":"Beyond secure reconstruction","parentLanguageFamily":null,"relationType":"knowledge_boundary","soundChange":"No deeper form is promoted as a secure ancestor of *ghos-ti-.","semanticChange":"The graph preserves a hypothetical exchange-root analysis as proposed evidence, not as the single established continuation.","scholar":"SET-U editorial boundary","confidence":"boundary","confidenceNote":null,"chronologyNote":null,"citationCount":2,"distinctSourceCount":2,"dossierCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/edge/129","childCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/140","parentCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/146"},{"cursor":130,"id":130,"childNodeId":147,"childForm":"hostile","childStatus":"attested","childGloss":"of an enemy; antagonistic, adverse, or unfriendly","childLanguageId":1,"childLanguage":"Present-Day 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1580.","citationCount":1,"distinctSourceCount":1,"dossierCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/edge/130","childCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/147","parentCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/148"},{"cursor":131,"id":131,"childNodeId":148,"childForm":"hostile","childStatus":"attested","childGloss":"hostile or enemy-like","childLanguageId":18,"childLanguage":"Middle French","childLanguageFamily":"Indo-European","parentNodeId":149,"parentForm":"hostīlis","parentStatus":"attested","parentGloss":"of or characteristic of an enemy","parentLanguageId":9,"parentLanguage":"Latin","parentLanguageFamily":"Indo-European","relationType":"borrowing","soundChange":"Middle French hostile was borrowed from Latin hostīlis with minimal learned-form adaptation.","semanticChange":"The meaning remained “of or characteristic of an enemy.”","scholar":"Merriam-Webster 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outsider becomes the hostile outsider and enemy as Roman usage changes.","scholar":"Merriam-Webster · American Heritage Indo-European Roots · University of Texas LRC","confidence":"probable","confidenceNote":"The family connection is strong; the semantic narrowing unfolded historically rather than at one recoverable moment.","chronologyNote":null,"citationCount":6,"distinctSourceCount":6,"dossierCount":2,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/edge/133","childCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/150","parentCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/140"},{"cursor":134,"id":134,"childNodeId":140,"childForm":"*ghos-ti-","childStatus":"reconstructed","childGloss":"stranger, guest, host; person with reciprocal duties of hospitality","childLanguageId":6,"childLanguage":"Proto-Indo-European","childLanguageFamily":"Indo-European","parentNodeId":151,"parentForm":"UNKNOWN","parentStatus":"boundary","parentGloss":"No single deeper ancestor of *ghos-ti- is treated as 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ospitale","childStatus":"attested","childGloss":"residence for pilgrims and travelers; charitable lodging for poor or infirm people","childLanguageId":2,"childLanguage":"Middle English","childLanguageFamily":"Indo-European","parentNodeId":154,"parentForm":"hospital","parentStatus":"attested","parentGloss":"guest lodging or charitable institution","parentLanguageId":12,"parentLanguage":"Anglo-French","parentLanguageFamily":"Indo-European","relationType":"borrowing","soundChange":"Middle English borrowed Anglo-French hospital, with an ospitale variant reflecting the same learned lodging term.","semanticChange":"Residence for travelers and charitable care remained central.","scholar":"Merriam-Webster editors","confidence":"established","confidenceNote":null,"chronologyNote":null,"citationCount":1,"distinctSourceCount":1,"dossierCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/edge/136","childCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/153","parentCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/154"},{"cursor":137,"id":137,"childNodeId":154,"childForm":"hospital","childStatus":"attested","childGloss":"guest lodging or charitable institution","childLanguageId":12,"childLanguage":"Anglo-French","childLanguageFamily":"Indo-European","parentNodeId":155,"parentForm":"hospitāle","parentStatus":"attested","parentGloss":"guest accommodation; hospice or charitable lodging","parentLanguageId":14,"parentLanguage":"Medieval Latin","parentLanguageFamily":"Indo-European","relationType":"borrowing","soundChange":"Anglo-French hospital continues Medieval Latin hospitāle with Romance adaptation.","semanticChange":"Guest accommodation becomes a named charitable lodging institution.","scholar":"Merriam-Webster · Merriam-Webster historical essay","confidence":"established","confidenceNote":null,"chronologyNote":null,"citationCount":2,"distinctSourceCount":2,"dossierCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/edge/137","childCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/154","parentCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/155"},{"cursor":138,"id":138,"childNodeId":155,"childForm":"hospitāle","childStatus":"attested","childGloss":"guest accommodation; hospice or charitable lodging","childLanguageId":14,"childLanguage":"Medieval Latin","childLanguageFamily":"Indo-European","parentNodeId":156,"parentForm":"hospitālis","parentStatus":"attested","parentGloss":"of a guest; hospitable","parentLanguageId":9,"parentLanguage":"Latin","parentLanguageFamily":"Indo-European","relationType":"substantivization","soundChange":"Medieval Latin hospitāle is the neuter substantivization of Latin hospitālis, “of a guest; hospitable.”","semanticChange":"An adjective about guests came to name guest accommodations and then institutions of lodging and care.","scholar":"Merriam-Webster editors","confidence":"established","confidenceNote":null,"chronologyNote":null,"citationCount":2,"distinctSourceCount":2,"dossierCount":3,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/edge/138","childCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/155","parentCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/156"},{"cursor":139,"id":139,"childNodeId":156,"childForm":"hospitālis","childStatus":"attested","childGloss":"of a guest; hospitable","childLanguageId":9,"childLanguage":"Latin","childLanguageFamily":"Indo-European","parentNodeId":138,"parentForm":"hospes (hospit-)","parentStatus":"attested","parentGloss":"guest, visitor, or the person receiving a guest","parentLanguageId":9,"parentLanguage":"Latin","parentLanguageFamily":"Indo-European","relationType":"derivation","soundChange":"Latin hospitālis is formed from the stem hospit- of hospes with the adjective suffix -ālis.","semanticChange":"The host/guest relationship becomes the quality of being for guests or hospitable.","scholar":"Merriam-Webster editors","confidence":"established","confidenceNote":null,"chronologyNote":null,"citationCount":2,"distinctSourceCount":2,"dossierCount":4,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/edge/139","childCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/156","parentCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/138"},{"cursor":142,"id":142,"childNodeId":140,"childForm":"*ghos-ti-","childStatus":"reconstructed","childGloss":"stranger, guest, host; person with reciprocal duties of hospitality","childLanguageId":6,"childLanguage":"Proto-Indo-European","childLanguageFamily":"Indo-European","parentNodeId":157,"parentForm":"UNKNOWN","parentStatus":"boundary","parentGloss":"No single deeper ancestor of *ghos-ti- is treated as secure.","parentLanguageId":7,"parentLanguage":"Beyond secure reconstruction","parentLanguageFamily":null,"relationType":"knowledge_boundary","soundChange":"No deeper form is promoted as a secure ancestor of *ghos-ti-.","semanticChange":"The graph preserves a hypothetical exchange-root analysis as proposed evidence, not as the single established continuation.","scholar":"SET-U editorial boundary","confidence":"boundary","confidenceNote":null,"chronologyNote":null,"citationCount":2,"distinctSourceCount":2,"dossierCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/edge/142","childCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/140","parentCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/157"},{"cursor":143,"id":143,"childNodeId":158,"childForm":"hotel","childStatus":"attested","childGloss":"a public lodging establishment, usually offering additional services","childLanguageId":1,"childLanguage":"Present-Day English","childLanguageFamily":"Indo-European","parentNodeId":159,"parentForm":"hôtel","parentStatus":"attested","parentGloss":"hotel, mansion, or lodging establishment","parentLanguageId":11,"parentLanguage":"French","parentLanguageFamily":"Indo-European","relationType":"borrowing","soundChange":"English borrowed French hôtel, anglicizing the accent and 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reflected by the circumflex in the modern French spelling.","semanticChange":"Lodging and accommodation remain central, with French also developing a mansion sense.","scholar":"Merriam-Webster editors","confidence":"established","confidenceNote":null,"chronologyNote":null,"citationCount":2,"distinctSourceCount":2,"dossierCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/edge/144","childCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/159","parentCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/160"},{"cursor":145,"id":145,"childNodeId":160,"childForm":"hostel / ostel","childStatus":"attested","childGloss":"lodging or accommodation","childLanguageId":8,"childLanguage":"Old French","childLanguageFamily":"Indo-European","parentNodeId":155,"parentForm":"hospitāle","parentStatus":"attested","parentGloss":"guest accommodation; hospice or charitable lodging","parentLanguageId":14,"parentLanguage":"Medieval Latin","parentLanguageFamily":"Indo-European","relationType":"borrowing","soundChange":"Old French hostel / ostel continues the Medieval Latin guest-accommodation term hospitāle through Romance sound and spelling change.","semanticChange":"A guest room or lodging becomes an inn-like place for travelers.","scholar":"Merriam-Webster historical essay","confidence":"established","confidenceNote":null,"chronologyNote":null,"citationCount":2,"distinctSourceCount":2,"dossierCount":1,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/edge/145","childCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/160","parentCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/155"},{"cursor":150,"id":150,"childNodeId":140,"childForm":"*ghos-ti-","childStatus":"reconstructed","childGloss":"stranger, guest, host; person with reciprocal duties of hospitality","childLanguageId":6,"childLanguage":"Proto-Indo-European","childLanguageFamily":"Indo-European","parentNodeId":161,"parentForm":"UNKNOWN","parentStatus":"boundary","parentGloss":"No single deeper ancestor of *ghos-ti- is treated as secure.","parentLanguageId":7,"parentLanguage":"Beyond secure 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control","childLanguageId":6,"childLanguage":"Proto-Indo-European","childLanguageFamily":"Indo-European","parentNodeId":163,"parentForm":"UNKNOWN","parentStatus":"boundary","parentGloss":"No deeper ancestor of the *pot- component is asserted in this graph branch.","parentLanguageId":7,"parentLanguage":"Beyond secure reconstruction","parentLanguageFamily":null,"relationType":"knowledge_boundary","soundChange":"No deeper form is promoted beyond the reviewed *pot- component.","semanticChange":"The component branch stops at the current comparative evidence horizon.","scholar":"SET-U editorial boundary","confidence":"boundary","confidenceNote":null,"chronologyNote":null,"citationCount":1,"distinctSourceCount":1,"dossierCount":0,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/edge/152","childCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/162","parentCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/163"},{"cursor":153,"id":153,"childNodeId":140,"childForm":"*ghos-ti-","childStatus":"reconstructed","childGloss":"stranger, 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*ghos-ti-.","chronologyNote":null,"citationCount":1,"distinctSourceCount":1,"dossierCount":0,"canonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/edge/153","childCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/140","parentCanonicalUrl":"https://set-u.org/node/164"},{"cursor":154,"id":154,"childNodeId":164,"childForm":"*ǵhes-","childStatus":"reconstructed","childGloss":"take or give in exchange; hypothetical deeper base of *ghos-ti-","childLanguageId":6,"childLanguage":"Proto-Indo-European","childLanguageFamily":"Indo-European","parentNodeId":165,"parentForm":"UNKNOWN","parentStatus":"boundary","parentGloss":"No deeper ancestor of the proposed *ǵhes- analysis is asserted.","parentLanguageId":7,"parentLanguage":"Beyond secure reconstruction","parentLanguageFamily":null,"relationType":"knowledge_boundary","soundChange":"No deeper form is promoted beyond the hypothetical *ǵhes- analysis.","semanticChange":"The proposed exchange-root branch stops at the current evidence horizon.","scholar":"SET-U editorial 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