*SET-U

CANONICAL LANGUAGE GRAPH

TRACE A WORD ↗
NODE / 0056attestedAncient Greek

λόγος

TRANSLITERATION lógos

word, speech, account, reckoning, reason

DATE
Ancient Greek
SENSE
default
FAMILY
Indo-European / Hellenic
CANONICAL KEY
node:10:logos:attested

A highly polysemous verbal noun; no one English gloss exhausts it.

01

ANCESTRAL EDGES

ROOT OF THIS ROOT

1
GO DEEPERderivationprobable
Ancient Greek · Ancient Greek

λέγω

gather; count; recount; say

SOUND
λόγος is a verbal noun in the λέγω family, with an o-grade formation represented in traditional analysis.
MEANING
Gathering, counting, recounting, speech, account, and reason form a historically layered semantic network.
SCHOLAR
Logeion · comparative Greek lexicography
CONFIDENCE
probable — The semantic sequence should not be reduced to a single just-so story.
02

DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES

THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP

4
DESCENDANTderivationestablished
Ancient Greek · Ancient Greek

λογικός

of speech, reason, or reasoning

SOUND
λογικός is formed on λόγος with the adjectival suffix -ικός.
MEANING
The broad λόγος family narrows to what pertains to account, reason, or discourse.
SCHOLAR
Ancient Greek lexicography
CONFIDENCE
established
DESCENDANTcompound memberestablished
Ancient Greek · classical / Hellenistic

ἐτυμολογία

analysis of a word’s true sense

SOUND
Greek ἐτυμολογία contains the -λογία formation belonging to the λόγος family.
MEANING
The “account / study” member combines with ἔτυμος “true, real” to form etymology.
CHRONOLOGY
This is a branching compound analysis, not the direct ancestor chain through ἔτυμος.
SCHOLAR
Ancient Greek lexicography
CONFIDENCE
established
DESCENDANTcompound componentestablished
Ancient Greek · Ancient Greek · speech before

πρόλογος

speech before; portion of a play before the chorus

SOUND
Greek prologos combines pro- “before” with logos “speech or discourse”; this path follows the logos component.
MEANING
A speech positioned before a performance becomes the prologue.
SCHOLAR
Merriam-Webster · Etymonline editors
CONFIDENCE
established — The separate pro- component is preserved as a second canonical parent.
DESCENDANTderivationestablished
Ancient Greek · Ancient Greek · account discourse formation

-λογία

formation associated with speaking, discourse, or an account of a subject

SOUND
Greek -logiā is formed in the logos family; American Heritage also records -logos formations as a contributing channel.
MEANING
Word, speech, and discourse support account-of-a-subject formations; “science” is a later specialization, not the only Greek value.
SCHOLAR
American Heritage Dictionary Editors · Ancient Greek lexicography
CONFIDENCE
established — The dossier follows the explicitly published -logiā-to-logos route while preserving the related -logos channel in the dispute record.
03

TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE

EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE

23

This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.

UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
23
REVIEWED EDGES
23
DEEPEST PATH
6
MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
7
HISTORICAL STEP 014 EDGES
STEP 01compound memberestablished
SOUND
Greek ἐτυμολογία contains the -λογία formation belonging to the λόγος family.
MEANING
The “account / study” member combines with ἔτυμος “true, real” to form etymology.
Ancient Greek lexicography2 CITATIONSEDGE 51 ↗
STEP 01compound componentestablished
SOUND
Greek prologos combines pro- “before” with logos “speech or discourse”; this path follows the logos component.
MEANING
A speech positioned before a performance becomes the prologue.
Merriam-Webster · Etymonline editors3 CITATIONSEDGE 444 ↗
STEP 01derivationestablished
SOUND
Greek -logiā is formed in the logos family; American Heritage also records -logos formations as a contributing channel.
MEANING
Word, speech, and discourse support account-of-a-subject formations; “science” is a later specialization, not the only Greek value.
American Heritage Dictionary Editors · Ancient Greek lexicography2 CITATIONSEDGE 1029 ↗
HISTORICAL STEP 024 EDGES
STEP 02borrowingestablished
SOUND
Latin prologus borrows and adapts Greek prologos.
MEANING
The Greek before-speech becomes a Latin theatrical and literary preface.
Merriam-Webster · Etymonline editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 443 ↗
STEP 02borrowingestablished
SOUND
Latin -logia borrows and transliterates Greek -logiā.
MEANING
A Greek formation in the speaking and account family becomes a reusable learned Latin element.
American Heritage Dictionary Editors · Merriam-Webster Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 1028 ↗
HISTORICAL STEP 034 EDGES
STEP 03borrowingestablished
SOUND
Anglo-French prologue continues Latin prologus through Romance transmission.
MEANING
The introductory speech or preface remains central.
Merriam-Webster · Etymonline editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 442 ↗
HISTORICAL STEP 044 EDGES
HISTORICAL STEP 056 EDGES
STEP 05historical continuationestablished
SOUND
Middle English prolog develops the modern -ue spelling while retaining the initial pro- and final log sequence.
MEANING
The prefatory speech becomes any introductory section and later any preceding event.
Merriam-Webster · Etymonline editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 440 ↗
STEP 05derivationestablished
SOUND
English adds the person-forming suffix -ist to etymology.
MEANING
The discipline name becomes the title of a specialist who studies word histories.
Merriam-Webster Editors · Douglas Harper2 CITATIONSEDGE 593 ↗
STEP 05derivationestablished
SOUND
English adds verb-forming -ize to etymology.
MEANING
The name of the inquiry becomes the act of discovering, stating, or studying etymologies.
Merriam-Webster Editors · Douglas Harper2 CITATIONSEDGE 600 ↗
STEP 05historical continuationestablished
SOUND
Middle English -logie is continued by modern English -logy with spelling and pronunciation adapted to later English patterns.
MEANING
The learned form remains productive across expression, discourse, doctrine, theory, science, and study senses rather than narrowing to one universal gloss.
American Heritage Dictionary Editors · Merriam-Webster Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 1025 ↗
HISTORICAL STEP 061 EDGE

“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.

04

RECORDED EVIDENCE

ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE

1
SOURCE-REPORTEDlexical corpus recordestablished

Ancient Greek literary and documentary record

The date and form are source-reported. No manuscript or inscription facsimile has been directly inspected for this record.

logic dossier · recorded as λόγος
05

EDITORIAL REUSE

WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE

3