Canonical edges, each carrying form and meaning history.
THE CHANGE ATLAS
WORD FAMILIES ↗EVERY REVIEWED EDGE / TWO HISTORIES EACH
FORM → MEANING → EVIDENCEHOW WORDS MOVE.
HOW MEANINGS MUTATE.
A global atlas of every reviewed transformation in the graph—from lost vowels and borrowed spellings to meanings narrowed, inverted, elevated, and remade.
EVERY TRANSFORMATION
IS A CLAIM.
Every edge names the linked forms, relationship, sound history, semantic history, scholar, confidence, chronology when known, and the sources that warrant it. Search the language of change without flattening it.
No reviewed edge is allowed to omit what changed in form.
No reviewed edge is allowed to omit what changed in meaning.
515 distinct sources support the edge ledger.
Named analyses remain attached instead of becoming anonymous fact.
Borrowing, inheritance, derivation, uncertainty, and more stay distinct.
SEARCH THE TRANSFORMATIONS
FOLLOW CHANGE ITSELF.
The atlas searches the exact reviewed prose and authoritative edge labels. It does not manufacture universal “sound laws” or semantic categories by guessing from descriptions.
SEMANTIC HISTORY
1025 EVIDENCE-BACKED CHANGES
No deeper form is promoted beyond the disputed Palaeo-Germanic reconstruction in this dossier.
The dossier reaches the current reviewed proposal and stops.
CONFIDENCE NOTEA proposed donor form is not converted into a certain ancestral chain.
No single whole-word predecessor is asserted because ubuntu is morphologically analyzable and the source-language route is not uniquely isolated.
The whole-word lineage stops while the graph exposes the abstract prefix and human stem.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe boundary prevents a productive Bantu noun-class formation from being flattened into one fictional lexical parent.
No deeper form is promoted beyond the Proto-Oceanic reconstruction in the reviewed comparative entry.
The dossier reaches the current reviewed reconstruction and stops.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThis is an evidence boundary, not a universal claim that no deeper comparison could ever be proposed.
No deeper form is promoted beyond Taíno hamaca in the reviewed dictionaries.
The lexical route reaches the Indigenous Caribbean source and stops.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe absence of a deeper promoted form is disclosed rather than filled with a speculative reconstruction.
No deeper form or direction of derivation between the two Nahuatl senses is promoted from the reviewed sources.
The dossier preserves the attested polysemy and stops before an unsupported origin story.
CONFIDENCE NOTEA source word having two senses does not by itself establish which sense motivated the other.
The linear dossier stops because neither one donor language nor a deeper ancestor is securely established by the reviewed evidence.
The source attribution remains open rather than being flattened into one definitive lineage.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe canonical graph retains a competing Dharawal candidate and citations on both paths.
No deeper Dravidian reconstruction is promoted from the reviewed sources.
The reviewed route reaches Malayalam and stops.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe boundary distinguishes an attested source word from deeper comparisons not reviewed in this tranche.
No deeper ancestor is promoted beyond the attested Tupi source.
The lexical path reaches the Indigenous Brazilian form and stops.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe reviewed sources do not establish a deeper form.
The donor variety and deeper reconstructed path are not promoted beyond the evidence reviewed here.
The route stops rather than converting cognates into a false direct lineage.
CONFIDENCE NOTEMassachusett and Eastern Abenaki forms support the family attribution without uniquely identifying the borrowing event.
No deeper form is promoted beyond the insecure early Choctaw reconstruction.
The trail stops at a hypothesis whose limitations are visible.
CONFIDENCE NOTEModern bók is related contextual evidence; derivation from *bayok is not treated as established.
No deeper reconstructed Turkic base is promoted from the reviewed sources.
The linguistic path stops separately from claims about the food’s prehistoric invention.
CONFIDENCE NOTELexical ancestry does not establish the origin place or inventor of fermented milk.
Competing Tungusic-internal and Buddhist Central Asian ancestry theories prevent a secure deeper promotion.
The path stops at Evenki while the wider-origin debate remains visible.
CONFIDENCE NOTEA formal resemblance to Sanskrit śramaṇa and its Central Asian descendants is not treated as a proven ancestor of Evenki šamān.
The reviewed sources establish the living Korean form but do not supply a securely sourced deeper lexical chain.
The graph stops at 김치 rather than turning orthographic history into unsupported ancestry.
The reviewed sources identify Quechua but do not present a deeper reconstruction or a uniquely localized donor variety.
The trail ends at the attested Quechua animal word.
No deeper Aymaran reconstruction is supplied by the reviewed sources.
The graph stops at the attested Aymara animal word.
The comparative dictionary presents *ahtí• as the Proto-Siouan horizon for this set; no deeper ancestor is promoted here.
The trail ends where the reviewed comparative reconstruction ends.
The reviewed sources establish hooghan but do not provide a specialist comparative Athabaskan reconstruction.
The graph stops at the living Navajo word rather than promoting an unsourced internal split.
Competing Mapuche and Spanish analyses prevent a single secure deeper chain.
The graph stops at the dispute instead of converting a proposal into fact.
The reviewed sources compare related forms but do not promote one direct ancestor beyond Old English cliewen.
The thread-ball history reaches the current evidence horizon.
CONFIDENCE NOTEAkin forms are preserved as relatives, not converted into a linear parent.
No older form is promoted beyond the reviewed *(s)kend- reconstruction.
The brightness history reaches its current comparative horizon.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe asterisk marks an inference; the boundary prevents it from becoming an invented deeper word.
No older form is promoted beyond the reviewed *(s)kend- reconstruction.
The brightness history reaches its current comparative horizon.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe asterisk marks an inference; the boundary prevents it from becoming an invented deeper word.
The traditional limestone route and substrate alternatives do not yield a single secure deeper chain.
The graph stops at the live etymological dispute.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe competing Greek/common-source branch is preserved separately.
No deeper ancestor is promoted beyond *leǵ-.
The gathering, selection, and understanding path reaches its reviewed horizon.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe boundary preserves the live *leǵ- / *sleǵ- dispute.
No single deeper ancestor of *ghos-ti- is selected for this dossier.
The hospitality lineage reaches an explicit evidence boundary.
CONFIDENCE NOTEA proposed *ǵhes- analysis remains a competing branch elsewhere in the graph.
READ THE EDGE, NOT JUST THE WORD
TWO HISTORIES TRAVEL TOGETHER.
Pronunciation, spelling, morphology, loss, insertion, adaptation, and regular historical development.
Narrowing, broadening, metaphor, social reanalysis, technical specialization, and meaning retained.
Attested forms, reconstructed forms marked by *, and explicit knowledge boundaries never share one certainty label.
Scholar, confidence, chronology, source stance, locator, and evidence note remain attached to the atomic edge.