GO DEEPERinheritanceprobable
Proto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic · hate jan verb formation*xatjanan
a reconstructed Germanic weak verb represented by Gothic hatjan, Old English hettan, and Middle High German hetzen
- SOUND
- The class-I -j- morphology visible in hatjandam supports the normalized infinitive hatjan and corresponds to the reconstructed *-jan- formation; Gothic h continues the Germanic fricative written x in Orel’s notation.
- MEANING
- The surviving Gothic clause means hate. The pursuit sense of Middle High German hetzen is a daughter-branch development and is not projected back as the only Gothic meaning.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Proto-Germanic reconstruction into the fourth-century Gothic translation tradition and early-sixth-century manuscript.
- SCHOLAR
- Vladimir Orel · Wilhelm Braune · Project Wulfila editors
- CONFIDENCE
- probable — The Gothic lexeme and participial morphology are manuscript-attested; the Proto-Germanic parent and the exact relationship to class-III hatan are reconstructed and disputed.
A Handbook of Germanic Etymology — *xataz, *xatjanan, and *xatōjanansupportsp. 203, *xatjanan: Gothic hatjan, Old English hettan, Middle High German hetzen
Publishes the comparative class-I weak verb and its branch forms.
ORIGINAL ↗Lemma hatjan — Gothic dictionary and occurrence inventorysupportsLemma hatjan, class sw.V.1-j and verified occurrence list
Identifies the Gothic lexeme, its inflection class, and its single verified token.
ORIGINAL ↗Gothic Bible word analysis — Matthew 5:44, hatjandamsupportsMatthew 5:44, token hatjandam
Analyzes the written participle as weak masculine dative plural under hatjan.
ORIGINAL ↗A Gothic Grammar with Selections for Reading and a Glossary — hatan and hatjancontext§193 note and glossary p. 170, hatjan
Treats hatjan as the class-I shape of a verb fluctuating with class-III hatan and derives it from the hatis stem.
ORIGINAL ↗Grammar of the Gothic Language — glossary entries hatan, hatis, hatizōn, and hatjancontextGlossary p. 326, hatan and hatjan
OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 1127 ↗Lists the class-III and class-I verbs separately under the same modern gloss.
ORIGINAL ↗