No sound descent is claimed. The edge records two distinct Gothic class-III verbs used in overlapping translation constructions.
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP RECORD
COVERAGE LEDGER ↗EDGE / 1148translation overlapprobable
A CLAIM
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A relationship—not a generated explanation. Both endpoints, every editorial field, every citation, and every dossier reuse are preserved below.
fijan
to hate or detest; direct an experience of hostility toward a stimulus
OPEN NODE 1154 ↗DESCENDS FROM→
PARENT / EARLIER FORM / attestedGothic · Gothic biblical tradition · hate class three verbhatan
to hate; in a substantivized participle, an enemy or one who hates
OPEN NODE 1148 ↗01
THE COMPLETE RELATIONSHIP
EVERY FIELD, NOT A FAIRY TALE
Across Luke 1:71 and 6:27, fijan and hatan exchange the roles enemies and those hating.
Synchronic fourth-century Gothic translation system preserved in an early-sixth-century manuscript.
Project Wulfila editors · Albert Morey Sturtevant
probable — The paired lexical swap is established; perfect synonymy outside those passages is not.
reviewed
02
CITATION REGISTER
SOURCES ON THIS EDGE
Gothic Bible word analysis — Luke 6:27, hatandansLuke 6:27, hatandans for enemies and fijandam for those hating
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Documents the reversed side of the lexical swap.
Gothic Bible word analysis — Luke 1:71, hatandaneLuke 1:71, fijandam for enemies and hatandane for those hating
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Documents one side of the lexical swap.
Notes on Gothic Forms — Hatan : hatjan “to hate”p. 452, semantic association of fijan and hatan
contextAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Uses the overlap in a historical morphological argument without proving total synonymy.
03
EDITORIAL REUSE