Canonical edges, each carrying form and meaning history.
THE CHANGE ATLAS
WORD FAMILIES ↗EVERY REVIEWED EDGE / TWO HISTORIES EACH
FORM → MEANING → EVIDENCEHOW WORDS MOVE.
HOW MEANINGS MUTATE.
A global atlas of every reviewed transformation in the graph—from lost vowels and borrowed spellings to meanings narrowed, inverted, elevated, and remade.
EVERY TRANSFORMATION
IS A CLAIM.
Every edge names the linked forms, relationship, sound history, semantic history, scholar, confidence, chronology when known, and the sources that warrant it. Search the language of change without flattening it.
No reviewed edge is allowed to omit what changed in form.
No reviewed edge is allowed to omit what changed in meaning.
515 distinct sources support the edge ledger.
Named analyses remain attached instead of becoming anonymous fact.
Borrowing, inheritance, derivation, uncertainty, and more stay distinct.
011025 MATCHING EDGES
SEARCH THE TRANSFORMATIONS
FOLLOW CHANGE ITSELF.
all changeSearch form and meaning togethersound historySearch phonological and formal changemeaning historySearch mutation in sense and use
The atlas searches the exact reviewed prose and authoritative edge labels. It does not manufacture universal “sound laws” or semantic categories by guessing from descriptions.
02PAGE 37 / 43
SEMANTIC HISTORY
1025 EVIDENCE-BACKED CHANGES
EDGE401boundary
Latincalxlime, limestone→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo single deeper ancestor is selected beyond the disputed calculus and calx analysis.
The traditional limestone route and substrate alternatives do not yield a single secure deeper chain.
The graph stops at the live etymological dispute.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe canonical calculus node preserves the separate common-substrate proposal.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE406boundary
Proto-Indo-European*leǵ-to collect, gather; with descendants involving speaking→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper ancestor is promoted beyond the live *leǵ- / *sleǵ- dispute.
No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
The graph stops at the live reconstruction dispute.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe boundary prevents either reconstructed root shape from being treated as an attested word.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE414boundary
Proto-Indo-European*skei-cut, split; proposed source of a discern > know development→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely reviewed ancestor is promoted beyond the disputed cutting-and-discerning comparison.
No older form is promoted beyond the disputed *skei- comparison.
The graph stops where the reviewed comparative analysis stops.
EDGE418boundary
Proto-Indo-European*skei-cut, split; proposed source of a discern > know development→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely reviewed ancestor is promoted beyond the disputed cutting-and-discerning comparison.
No older form is promoted beyond the disputed *skei- comparison.
The graph stops where the reviewed comparative analysis stops.
EDGE425boundary
Proto-Indo-European*skei-cut, split; proposed source of a discern > know development→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely reviewed ancestor is promoted beyond the disputed cutting-and-discerning comparison.
No older form is promoted beyond the disputed *skei- comparison.
The graph stops where the reviewed comparative analysis stops.
EDGE431boundary
Proto-Indo-European*skei-cut, split; proposed source of a discern > know development→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely reviewed ancestor is promoted beyond the disputed cutting-and-discerning comparison.
No older form is promoted beyond the disputed *skei- comparison.
The graph stops where the reviewed comparative analysis stops.
EDGE439boundary
Proto-Indo-European*leǵ-to collect, gather; with descendants involving speaking→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper ancestor is promoted beyond the live *leǵ- / *sleǵ- dispute.
No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
The graph stops rather than laundering a contested root into certainty.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE447boundary
Proto-Indo-European*leǵ-to collect, gather; with descendants involving speaking→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper ancestor is promoted beyond the live *leǵ- / *sleǵ- dispute.
No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
The graph stops rather than laundering a contested root into certainty.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE452boundary
Proto-Indo-European*leǵ-to collect, gather; with descendants involving speaking→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper ancestor is promoted beyond the live *leǵ- / *sleǵ- dispute.
No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
The graph stops at the live reconstruction dispute.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE457boundary
Proto-Indo-European*leǵ-to collect, gather; with descendants involving speaking→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper ancestor is promoted beyond the disputed comparison of lēx with *leǵ- / *sleǵ-.
No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
The graph stops at the live reconstruction dispute.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE463boundary
Proto-Indo-European*bher-to carry or bear→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely reviewed ancestor is promoted beyond *bher-.
No older form is promoted beyond the reviewed *bher- reconstruction.
The carrying branch stops at its present comparative horizon.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
0LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE469boundary
Proto-Indo-European*legh-to lie, recline, lay, or set down→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely reconstructed ancestor is promoted beyond *legh-.
No older form is promoted beyond the comparative *legh- horizon.
The site stops without treating the separate *leǵ- gather root or uncertain Latin comparison as an ancestor.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE476boundary
Proto-Indo-European*h₂rei-to count→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper form is promoted beyond the published reconstruction and representation disagreement.
The graph stops beyond the competing reconstruction notations.
No deeper number-word is promoted as settled fact.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE483boundary
Proto-Indo-European*meue-to push away→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely reconstructed ancestor is promoted beyond *meue-.
No older form is promoted beyond *meue-.
The emotion branch stops at its cited reconstruction while the icon branch stops separately at uncertain Greek prehistory.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE488boundary
Proto-Indo-European*séh₂l-salt→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo secure older ancestor is promoted beyond the salt root.
No older form is promoted beyond the reconstructed salt family.
The graph stops before speculation while preserving the real path shared with Latin sāl and salary.
2CLAIM CITATIONS
2DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE493boundary
Ancient Greekεἰκώνrepresentation, image, or likeness→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo secure ancestor is promoted beyond Greek eikōn.
No older form is promoted beyond Greek eikōn because the proposed base is uncertain.
The image-and-likeness family reaches a stated evidentiary horizon.
CONFIDENCE NOTEA proposed Lithuanian comparison is reported as doubtful.
2CLAIM CITATIONS
2DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE500boundary
Classical ArabicKhwārizmKhwārizm, a region south of the Aral Sea→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely demonstrated lexical ancestor of the place name is presented.
No deeper analysis of the toponym is promoted without dedicated Iranian and Central Asian onomastic review.
The graph stops at the geographic name rather than inventing a lexical root.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE506boundary
Proto-Indo-European*meue-to push away→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely reconstructed ancestor is promoted beyond *meue-.
No older form is promoted beyond *meue-.
The standalone emotion dossier stops at its cited movement reconstruction.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE514boundary
Proto-Indo-European*legh-to lie, recline, lay, or set down→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely reconstructed ancestor is promoted beyond *legh-.
No older form is promoted beyond the comparative *legh- horizon.
The graph stops without merging the unrelated poem, non-clerical, or past-tense homonyms.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE515boundary
Proto-Eskimo*qan-yaqreconstructed kayak formation→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper ancestor is promoted beyond the reviewed Proto-Eskimo analysis.
No still deeper form is promoted beyond *qan-yaq in the reviewed kayak dossier.
The kayak lineage reaches the reviewed Proto-Eskimo formation and stops.
CONFIDENCE NOTEThe specialist article proposes a deeper base for qajaq, modeled in that dossier, while the English donor variety remains unresolved.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE517boundary
Proto-Oceanic*tampusacred, forbidden; under ritual restriction→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper ancestor is promoted beyond the reviewed comparative reconstruction.
No deeper form is promoted beyond Proto-Oceanic *tampu.
The Māori dossier reaches the current reviewed comparative horizon.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE519boundary
Proto-Oceanic*tampusacred, forbidden; under ritual restriction→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper ancestor is promoted beyond the reviewed comparative reconstruction.
No deeper form is promoted beyond Proto-Oceanic *tampu.
The Hawaiian dossier reaches the current reviewed comparative horizon.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE521boundary
Classical Nahuatlāhuacatlavocado; testicle→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo securely reviewed deeper ancestor or direction between the two senses is promoted.
No deeper form or semantic derivation direction is promoted beyond the documented Nahuatl word.
The graph preserves fruit-and-testicle polysemy without converting it into an unsupported naming event.
2CLAIM CITATIONS
2DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
EDGE524boundary
Proto-Eskimo*qan(ə)-to go or come near→Beyond secure reconstructionUNKNOWNNo deeper ancestor is promoted beyond *qan(ə)-.
No deeper form is promoted beyond the reviewed Proto-Eskimo base.
The graph stops before speculative macro-family comparison.
1CLAIM CITATIONS
1DISTINCT SOURCES
1LINKED DOSSIERS
03
READ THE EDGE, NOT JUST THE WORD
TWO HISTORIES TRAVEL TOGETHER.
Pronunciation, spelling, morphology, loss, insertion, adaptation, and regular historical development.
Narrowing, broadening, metaphor, social reanalysis, technical specialization, and meaning retained.
Attested forms, reconstructed forms marked by *, and explicit knowledge boundaries never share one certainty label.
Scholar, confidence, chronology, source stance, locator, and evidence note remain attached to the atomic edge.