HOW WORDS MOVE.
HOW MEANINGS MUTATE.

Latin hostīlis is formed from hostis with the relational adjective suffix -īlis.

The noun “enemy” becomes the adjective “enemy-like” or hostile.

Middle English hospital / ospitale continued into modern hospital with spelling and stress stabilization.

Guest accommodation and charitable residence developed into the institution for medical care familiar today.

Middle English borrowed Anglo-French hospital, with an ospitale variant reflecting the same learned lodging term.

Residence for travelers and charitable care remained central.

Anglo-French hospital continues Medieval Latin hospitāle with Romance adaptation.

Guest accommodation becomes a named charitable lodging institution.

Medieval Latin hospitāle is the neuter substantivization of Latin hospitālis, “of a guest; hospitable.”

An adjective about guests came to name guest accommodations and then institutions of lodging and care.

Latin hospitālis is formed from the stem hospit- of hospes with the adjective suffix -ālis.

The host/guest relationship becomes the quality of being for guests or hospitable.

English borrowed French hôtel, anglicizing the accent and pronunciation.

The lodging-establishment sense was retained and generalized in English.

French hôtel continues Old French hostel / ostel; loss of s before the consonant is reflected by the circumflex in the modern French spelling.

Lodging and accommodation remain central, with French also developing a mansion sense.

Old French hostel / ostel continues the Medieval Latin guest-accommodation term hospitāle through Romance sound and spelling change.

A guest room or lodging becomes an inn-like place for travelers.

The inherited spelling and /aɪ/ pronunciation remain stable as the modern sense profile settles.

Foolish, wanton, and fastidious senses move through precise and discriminating toward pleasant, agreeable, and kind.

Anglo-French nice enters Middle English with spelling preserved and pronunciation adapted to English.

Silly or simple expands into foolish, wanton, coy, fastidious, and precise senses.

Latin nescius passes through Romance without preserving the full Latin ending.

Ignorance becomes foolishness or simplicity in the French adjective.

The adjective nescius is built within the nescīre “not know” family.

Not knowing is lexicalized as ignorant.

Latin nescīre contains the negative element ne- plus scīre “to know.”

Knowing is negated: “know” becomes “not know, be unfamiliar with.”

The Early Modern spelling science continues as modern /ˈsaɪəns/ with pronunciation stabilization.

An organized branch or body of knowledge narrows in prominent modern use toward systematic and especially natural knowledge tested through scientific method.

Anglo-French science/cience is adopted into Middle English learned vocabulary.

The broad knowledge and learning senses remain central.

Latin scientia passes into Anglo-French with regular Romance phonological development.

Knowledge, awareness, and a branch of learning remain the core meanings.

The noun scientia is formed from the participial stem scient- / sciens.

A knowing person/state supplies an abstract noun for knowledge.

Sciens is the present participle of sciō, scīre.

The activity of knowing is expressed as “knowing.”

English decimate is formed on the Latin past-participial stem decimāt-.

The exact selection or taxation of a tenth broadens within English to drastic reduction or destruction.

Latin decimāre is derived from the tenth/ordinal family.

“Tenth” becomes the action “take or select a tenth.”

Latin decimus is the ordinal formation corresponding to decem.

The cardinal “ten” becomes ordinal “tenth.”

Latin decem regularly continues the centum-language form of Indo-European *dekm̥.

The numeral meaning “ten” remains stable.

French décimal is adapted into English as decimal.

The “of tenths/base ten” meaning remains transparent.