NODE / 0182attestedLatin
decimus
tenth
- DATE
- Latin antiquity
- SENSE
- tenth ordinal
- FAMILY
- Indo-European / Italic
- CANONICAL KEY
- node:9:decimus:attested:sense:tenth-ordinal
Ordinal derivative of decem.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
GO DEEPERordinal derivationestablished
Latin · Latin antiquity · ten cardinaldecem
ten
- SOUND
- Latin decimus is the ordinal formation corresponding to decem.
- MEANING
- The cardinal “ten” becomes ordinal “tenth.”
- SCHOLAR
- Merriam-Webster Editors
- CONFIDENCE
- established
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 9
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 9
- DEEPEST PATH
- 4
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 3
HISTORICAL STEP 012 EDGES
STEP 01derivationestablished
- SOUND
- Latin decimāre is derived from the tenth/ordinal family.
- MEANING
- “Tenth” becomes the action “take or select a tenth.”
STEP 01inflectional derivationestablished
- SOUND
- Latin decima is the feminine form of decimus.
- MEANING
- The ordinal adjective “tenth” is substantivized as a tenth part or tithe.
HISTORICAL STEP 023 EDGES
STEP 02borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- English decimate is formed on the Latin past-participial stem decimāt-.
- MEANING
- The exact selection or taxation of a tenth broadens within English to drastic reduction or destruction.
STEP 02derivationestablished
- SOUND
- Medieval Latin decimālis is formed from Latin decima with an adjectival suffix.
- MEANING
- A tenth part or tithe becomes “pertaining to tenths.”
STEP 02romance developmentestablished
- SOUND
- Anglo-French disme and dime continue Latin decima through regular Romance reduction and spelling change.
- MEANING
- The tenth-part and tithe meaning remains central.
HISTORICAL STEP 032 EDGES
STEP 03borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- Medieval Latin decimālis passes into French décimal with Romance sound development.
- MEANING
- The learned mathematical and proportional sense remains tied to tenths.
STEP 03borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- Middle English dime adapts Anglo-French disme or dime, including loss of the written consonant in the simplified form.
- MEANING
- The meaning remains a tenth part or tithe.
HISTORICAL STEP 042 EDGES
STEP 04borrowingestablished
- SOUND
- French décimal is adapted into English as decimal.
- MEANING
- The “of tenths/base ten” meaning remains transparent.
STEP 04semantic specializationestablished
- SOUND
- Modern dime preserves the older spelling while English pronunciation developed to /daɪm/.
- MEANING
- A general tenth-part or tithe word is applied specifically to a coin worth one tenth of a dollar.
“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.The reviewed graph does not yet attach a source-reported or directly inspected witness to this canonical form.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE