*SET-U

CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP RECORD

COVERAGE LEDGER ↗
EDGE / 0163borrowingestablished

A CLAIM
YOU CAN AUDIT.

A relationship—not a generated explanation. Both endpoints, every editorial field, every citation, and every dossier reuse are preserved below.

CHILD / LATER FORM / attestedMiddle English · 14th–15th centuries · general knowledge

science / cience

knowledge, learning, the ability to know, a branch of knowledge

OPEN NODE 175 ↗
DESCENDS FROM→
PARENT / EARLIER FORM / attestedAnglo-French · Anglo-French period · general knowledge

science / cience

knowledge, learning

OPEN NODE 176 ↗
01

THE COMPLETE RELATIONSHIP

EVERY FIELD, NOT A FAIRY TALE

SOUND CHANGE

Anglo-French science/cience is adopted into Middle English learned vocabulary.

SEMANTIC CHANGE

The broad knowledge and learning senses remain central.

CHRONOLOGY

First-known English use is reported in the fourteenth century.

SCHOLAR / EDITORIAL AUTHORITY

Merriam-Webster Editors

CONFIDENCE

established — no additional confidence note is attached.

EDITORIAL STATUS

reviewed

02

CITATION REGISTER

SOURCES ON THIS EDGE

S01
Science — Word HistoryEtymology; First Known Use

Reports Anglo-French transmission and a fourteenth-century first use.

supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗
03

EDITORIAL REUSE

WHERE THIS CLAIM APPEARS

RELATION / 158science

science / cience → science / cience

OPEN DOSSIER ↗