*SET-U

CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP RECORD

COVERAGE LEDGER ↗
EDGE / 0172inheritedestablished

A CLAIM
YOU CAN AUDIT.

A relationship—not a generated explanation. Both endpoints, every editorial field, every citation, and every dossier reuse are preserved below.

CHILD / LATER FORM / attestedLatin · Latin antiquity · ten cardinal

decem

ten

OPEN NODE 183 ↗
DESCENDS FROM→
PARENT / EARLIER FORM / reconstructedProto-Indo-European · Proto-Indo-European prehistory · ten cardinal

*dekm̥

ten

OPEN NODE 184 ↗
01

THE COMPLETE RELATIONSHIP

EVERY FIELD, NOT A FAIRY TALE

SOUND CHANGE

Latin decem regularly continues the centum-language form of Indo-European *dekm̥.

SEMANTIC CHANGE

The numeral meaning “ten” remains stable.

CHRONOLOGY

Proto-Indo-European prehistory to attested Latin.

SCHOLAR / EDITORIAL AUTHORITY

American Heritage Indo-European Roots

CONFIDENCE

established — The Latin and Indo-European numeral relationship is securely comparative.

EDITORIAL STATUS

reviewed

02

CITATION REGISTER

SOURCES ON THIS EDGE

S01
Indo-European Root dekm̥Root dekm̥, section 1.3

Lists decimate, decimal, and December under Latin decem from the Indo-European numeral.

supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗
03

EDITORIAL REUSE

WHERE THIS CLAIM APPEARS

RELATION / 178December

decem → *dekm̥

OPEN DOSSIER ↗RELATION / 173decimal

decem → *dekm̥

OPEN DOSSIER ↗RELATION / 167decimate

decem → *dekm̥

OPEN DOSSIER ↗RELATION / 230dime

decem → *dekm̥

OPEN DOSSIER ↗