HOW WORDS MOVE.
HOW MEANINGS MUTATE.

Old French -al continues Latin -alis through regular Romance loss of final syllables.

The adjective-forming function remains stable.

English etymologist adds -ist to the discipline noun.

The suffix creates the person or specialist label.

French -iste continues Latin -ista.

The person-forming function continues.

Latin -ista adapts Greek -istēs.

The agent or adherent sense continues.

English adds productive -ize to etymology.

The noun becomes an action or practice verb.

Middle English -ize follows Old French -iser and -izer.

The verb-forming function continues.

Old French adapts Late Latin -izare.

The verb-forming function continues.

Late Latin -izare adapts Greek -izein.

Doing or practicing the action of a base continues as a productive verb pattern.

Modern English preserves the inherited spelling word while pronunciation continues the history of English vowel and rhotic systems.

The core linguistic-unit sense continues alongside utterance, promise, news, command, and technical extensions.

Middle English word continues Old English word with no donor-language substitution.

Word, utterance, and expression remain central.

Old English word continues reconstructed Germanic *wurdam through inherited West Germanic development.

Something spoken remains a word or utterance.

Germanic *wurdam reflects the zero-grade *wr̥-dho- formation with inherited Germanic nominal development.

The reconstructed spoken-unit noun remains the source of the Germanic word family.

Zero-grade *wr̥- combines with the reconstructed *-dho- nominal suffix.

The speaking root becomes a noun for something spoken.

English verb regularizes the Middle English final vowel away while preserving the learned stem.

The specialized grammatical class remains central.

Middle English verbe borrows Anglo-French verbe with minor English phonological adaptation.

The grammatical term is transmitted without a return to the broader meaning word.

Anglo-French verbe continues Latin verbum with Romance loss of the final syllable.

The Latin grammatical use becomes the French and English class name.

The Latin form is unchanged; the grammatical use selects one technical sense of verbum.

A general word or utterance becomes the name of the predicate word class.

The reconstructed *wer-dho- formation develops into Latin verbum; the graph records the published comparison without inventing intermediate spellings.

A formation meaning something spoken becomes Latin word, utterance, and later grammatical verb.

Full-grade *wer- combines with the reconstructed *-dho- suffix.

The speaking root becomes a nominal formation for something spoken.

English verbal regularizes the Middle English final vowel while preserving the learned base and suffix.

The relational word sense continues while verb-related and spoken-language senses develop alongside it.

Middle English verbale borrows Late Latin verbalis with English adaptation of the final syllable.

Of words or verbs enters English and later supports the spoken-rather-than-written contrast.

Late Latin verbalis adds the relational suffix -alis to verbum.

A word or verb becomes the base of an adjective meaning of or consisting of words.

English adverb regularizes the Middle English final vowel while retaining the learned compound.

The grammatical class remains a modifier category whose actual scope is wider than verbs alone.

Middle English adverbe borrows Middle French adverbe.

The grammatical category is transmitted through French.