*SET-U

CANONICAL LANGUAGE GRAPH

TRACE A WORD ↗
NODE / 0641attestedLatin

-ālis

TRANSLITERATION -ālis

of, related to, pertaining to

DATE
Latin antiquity
SENSE
adjective suffix
FAMILY
Indo-European / Italic
CANONICAL KEY
node:9:-alis:attested:sense:adjective-suffix

Latin suffix behind French and English -al formations.

01

ANCESTRAL EDGES

ROOT OF THIS ROOT

1
*
THE TRAIL ENDS HERE.

No securely reviewed ancestor extends beyond this node. 1 evidence path stops at this boundary.

INSPECT 1 CITED BOUNDARY CLAIM
GO DEEPERknowledge boundaryboundary
Beyond secure reconstruction · before the reviewed Latin suffix analysis · etymological al boundary

UNKNOWN

No deeper suffix ancestor is promoted.

SOUND
No deeper unique source is promoted from the reviewed suffix entry.
MEANING
The branch stops before unsupported segmentation.
SCHOLAR
SET-U editorial boundary
CONFIDENCE
boundary — The source horizon is exposed rather than extended.
-al — Online Etymology DictionarysupportsEntry endpoint at Latin -alis

Defines the reviewed horizon.

ORIGINAL ↗
OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 612 ↗
02

DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES

THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP

3
DESCENDANTcompeting borrowingproposed
Present-Day English · Middle English–today · adjective suffix

-al

of, like, related to, or pertaining to

SOUND
English also forms learned words directly on Latin -alis.
MEANING
The adjective-forming function remains stable.
SCHOLAR
Douglas Harper
CONFIDENCE
proposed — This is a parallel direct-Latin channel, not a claim that every -al word bypassed French.
-al — Online Etymology DictionarysupportsMiddle English from French or directly from Latin -alis

Supplies the direct Latin channel.

ORIGINAL ↗
OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 610 ↗
DESCENDANTderivational componentestablished
Latin · Late Latin · word related adjective

verbālis

of or relating to words or verbs

SOUND
Latin verbalis visibly combines the verbum stem with relational -alis.
MEANING
The suffix turns word or verb into of or relating to words or verbs.
CHRONOLOGY
Late Latin formation.
SCHOLAR
Merriam-Webster Editors
CONFIDENCE
established
Verbal — Definition, Word History, and First Known UsesupportsEtymology: verbalis from verbum + -alis

Explicitly identifies the suffix component.

ORIGINAL ↗
OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 668 ↗
03

TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE

EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE

7

This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.

UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
6
REVIEWED EDGES
7
DEEPEST PATH
3
MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
2
etymological1 connected nodeverbal3 connected nodes
HISTORICAL STEP 013 EDGES
HISTORICAL STEP 023 EDGES
HISTORICAL STEP 031 EDGE
STEP 03continuationestablished
Middle Englishverbale→Present-Day English · 15th century–todayverbalof, relating to, or consisting of words; of a verb; spoken rather than written
SOUND
English verbal regularizes the Middle English final vowel while preserving the learned base and suffix.
MEANING
The relational word sense continues while verb-related and spoken-language senses develop alongside it.
Merriam-Webster Editors1 CITATIONEDGE 637 ↗
Verbal — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use · Definitions, Word History, and First Known Use ↗

“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.

04

RECORDED EVIDENCE

ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE

0
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.

The reviewed graph does not yet attach a source-reported or directly inspected witness to this canonical form.

05

EDITORIAL REUSE

WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE

0